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create mode 100644 ui/.gitignore create mode 100644 ui/Makefile create mode 100644 ui/repl.c diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3506ac --- /dev/null +++ b/.circleci/config.yml @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +version: 2 +workflows: + version: 2 + linux-builds: + jobs: + - build-i686 + - build-x86_64 + +jobs: + build-i686: + docker: + - image: circleci/python:2.7 + environment: + ARCH: i686 + JULIA_CPU_THREADS: 4 + JULIA_TEST_MAXRSS_MB: 800 + steps: &steps + - run: | # install build dependencies + sudo apt-get install -y g++-6-multilib gfortran-6-multilib \ + time ccache bar && + for prog in gcc g++ gfortran; do + sudo ln -s /usr/bin/$prog-6 /usr/local/bin/$prog; + done + - checkout # circle ci code checkout step +# (FIXME: need to unset url."ssh://git@github.com".insteadOf or libgit2 tests fail) + - run: | # checkout merge commit, set versioning info and Make.user variables + git config --global --unset url."ssh://git@github.com".insteadOf && + if [ -n "$CIRCLE_PULL_REQUEST" ]; then + git remote set-url origin git@github.com:JuliaLang/julia.git && + git fetch origin +refs/pull/$(basename $CIRCLE_PULL_REQUEST)/merge && + git checkout -qf FETCH_HEAD; + fi && + make -C base version_git.jl.phony && + echo "override ARCH = $ARCH" | tee -a Make.user && + for var in FORCE_ASSERTIONS LLVM_ASSERTIONS USECCACHE NO_GIT; do + echo "override $var = 1" | tee -a Make.user; + done && + echo "$ARCH $HOME $(date +%Y%W)" | tee /tmp/weeknumber + - restore_cache: # silly to take a checksum of the tag file here instead of + keys: # its contents but this is the only thing that works on circle + - ccache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "/tmp/weeknumber" }} + - run: | # compile julia deps + contrib/download_cmake.sh && + make -j3 -C deps || make + - run: | # build julia, output ccache stats when done + make -j3 release && + make prefix=/tmp/julia install && + ccache -s && + make build-stats + - run: | # move source tree out of the way, run tests from install tree + COMMIT_RANGE=$(echo "${CIRCLE_COMPARE_URL}" | cut -d/ -f7) && + [[ "$COMMIT_RANGE" != *"..."* ]] && COMMIT_RANGE="${COMMIT_RANGE}...${COMMIT_RANGE}"; + FILES_CHANGED=$(git diff --name-only $COMMIT_RANGE -- || git ls-files) && + cd .. && + mv project julia-src && + /tmp/julia/bin/julia -e 'Base.require(Main, :InteractiveUtils).versioninfo()' && + /tmp/julia/bin/julia --sysimage-native-code=no -e 'true' && + #/tmp/julia/bin/julia-debug --sysimage-native-code=no -e 'true' && + pushd /tmp/julia/share/julia/test && + if [ $(echo "$FILES_CHANGED" | grep -cv '^doc/') -gt 0 ]; then + /tmp/julia/bin/julia --check-bounds=yes runtests.jl all --skip Sockets | bar -i 30 && + /tmp/julia/bin/julia --check-bounds=yes runtests.jl LibGit2/online Pkg/pkg download; + fi && + popd && + mkdir /tmp/embedding-test && + make check -C /tmp/julia/share/julia/test/embedding \ + JULIA=/tmp/julia/bin/julia BIN=/tmp/embedding-test \ + "$(cd julia-src && make print-CC)" && + mv julia-src project +# - run: cd project && make -C doc deploy + - run: + command: sudo dmesg + when: on_fail + - save_cache: + key: ccache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "/tmp/weeknumber" }} + paths: + - ~/.ccache + + build-x86_64: + docker: + - image: circleci/python:2.7 + environment: + ARCH: x86_64 + JULIA_CPU_THREADS: 4 + JULIA_TEST_MAXRSS_MB: 800 + steps: *steps diff --git a/.freebsdci.sh b/.freebsdci.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..399ba8e --- /dev/null +++ b/.freebsdci.sh @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +#!/bin/sh +# FreeBSD CI Build Scripts +# The flow of a FreeBSD CI (https://freebsdci.julialang.org) build: +# +# 1. `cleanup` +# 2. `compile` +# 3. `build-state` +# 4. `runtests` +# 5. `test-embedding` +# +# Detail of flow is controlled by the variable `factory` +# here. +# https://github.com/iblis17/julia-fbsd-buildbot/blob/master/master/master.cfg +# +# Usage: .freebsdci.sh + +set -xe + +build-state(){ + gmake build-stats +} + +cleanup(){ + git clean -fdx +} + +compile(){ + export MALLOC_CONF='junk:false' + export VERBOSE=1 + export FORCE_ASSERTIONS=1 + export LLVM_ASSERTIONS=1 + export USECCACHE=1 + + gmake check-whitespace + gmake release -j $MAKE_JOBS_NUMBER +} + +runtests(){ + export MALLOC_CONF='junk:false' + export VERBOSE=1 + export FORCE_ASSERTIONS=1 + export LLVM_ASSERTIONS=1 + export JULIA_TEST_MAXRSS_MB=600 + export JULIA_CPU_THREADS=$MAKE_JOBS_NUMBER + + ./usr/bin/julia --check-bounds=yes test/runtests.jl all + ./usr/bin/julia --check-bounds=yes test/runtests.jl \ + LibGit2/online Pkg/pkg download +} + +test-embedding(){ + export JULIA='../../julia' + export BIN='../../tmp' + + mkdir -vp tmp + gmake -C test embedding +} + + +if [ -z $1 ] +then + exit 1 +fi + +$1 diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c84e620 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# treat patches as files that should not be modified +*.patch -text diff --git a/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md b/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4c3b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Julia Community Standards +========================= + +The Julia community is committed to maintaining a welcoming, civil and constructive environment. We expect the following standards to be observed and upheld by all participants in any community forum (mailing lists, GitHub, IRC, etc.). + +**Be respectful and inclusive.** +Please do not use overtly sexual language or imagery, and do not attack anyone based on any aspect of personal identity, including gender, sexuality, religion, ethnicity, race, age or ability. Keep in mind that what you write in public forums is read by many people who don't know you personally, so please refrain from making prejudiced or sexual jokes and comments – even ones that you might consider acceptable in private. Ask yourself if a comment or statement might make someone feel unwelcomed or like an outsider. + +In particular, do not sexualize the term "Julia" or any other aspects of the project. While "Julia" is a female name in many parts of the world, the programming language is not a person and does not have a gender. + +**Give credit.** +All participants in the Julia community are expected to respect copyright laws and ethical attribution standards. This applies to both code and written materials, such as documentation or blog posts. Materials that violate the law, are plagiaristic, or ethically dubious in some way will be removed from officially-maintained lists of resources. + +If you believe one of these standards has been violated, you can either file an issue on an appropriate repository or confidentially contact the [Julia Stewards](https://julialang.org/community/stewards/) at [stewards@julialang.org](mailto:stewards@julialang.org). Keep in mind that most mistakes are due to ignorance rather than malice. + +**Be concise.** +Constructive criticism and suggestions are welcome, but high-traffic forums do not generally have the bandwidth for extensive discourse. Consider writing a blog post if you feel that you have enough to say on a particular subject. + +**Get involved.** +The Julia community is built on a foundation of reciprocity and collaboration. Be aware that most community members contribute on a voluntary basis, so ideas and bug reports are ok, but demands are not. Pull requests are always welcomed – see the [guidelines for contributing](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) to read about how to get started. + +**Any concerns?** +If you have a conflict or concern that requires resolution, please contact the [Julia Community Stewards](https://julialang.org/community/stewards/). diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c311c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +If you have a question or are unsure if the behavior you're experiencing is a bug, +please search or post to our Discourse site: https://discourse.julialang.org. We use +the GitHub issue tracker for bug reports and feature requests only. + +If you're submitting a bug report, be sure to include as much relevant information as +possible, including a minimal reproducible example and the output of `versioninfo()`. +If you're experiencing a problem with a particular package, open an issue on that +package's repository instead. + +Thanks for contributing to the Julia project! diff --git a/.github/SUPPORT.md b/.github/SUPPORT.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca8b032 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/SUPPORT.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Getting support for Julia + +We use the GitHub issue tracker for bug reports and feature requests only. If +what you'd like to do is best described as a bug report or a code contribution +then you should submit a GitHub issue or pull request as usual. Please see our +[Notes for Julia +Contributors](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) +for how to file a bug report, our contributor checklist and other helpful +information. But if you have come here for help, or if you are unsure whether +the behavior you're experiencing is a bug, then you should see our [Community +page](https://julialang.org/community/) for a list of other places where you can +get support first. diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb15ec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +/*.tar.gz +/tmp +/dist +/dist-extras +/julia +/usr +/oprofile_data +/usr-staging +/Make.user +/julia-* +/source-dist.tmp +/source-dist.tmp1 + +*.exe +*.dll +*.dwo +*.do +*.o +*.obj +*.so +*.dylib +*.dSYM +*.jl.cov +*.jl.*.cov +*.jl.mem +*.ji + +/perf* +.DS_Store diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3276094 --- /dev/null +++ b/.mailmap @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +JuliaLang +JuliaLang + +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson +Jeff Bezanson + +Stefan Karpinski +Stefan Karpinski +Stefan Karpinski + +Viral B. Shah +Viral B. Shah +Viral B. Shah +Viral B. Shah + +George Xing +George Xing + +Stephan Boyer +Stephan Boyer +Stephan Boyer +Stephan Boyer + +Jiahao Chen Jiahao Chen (陈家豪) + +Giuseppe Zingales +Giuseppe Zingales + +Jameson Nash +Jameson Nash +Jameson Nash + +Alan Edelman + +PlayMyCode +PlayMyCode + +Corey M. Hoffstein +Corey M. Hoffstein + +Stefan Kroboth + +Tim Holy +Tim Holy + +Patrick O'Leary + +Ivan Mantova + +Keno Fischer +Keno Fischer +Keno Fischer +Keno Fischer + +Harlan Harris +Harlan Harris + +Douglas Bates + +Andreas Noack Jensen +Andreas Noack Jensen +Andreas Noack Jensen + +Westley Argentum Hennigh +Westley Argentum Hennigh + +George V. Neville-Neil +George V. Neville-Neil + +Alessandro Andrioni Silva +Alessandro Andrioni Silva + +Toivo Henningsson +Toivo Henningsson + +Adam Savitzky +Adam Savitzky + +David Slate + +Francois Pepin + +Waldir Pimenta + +Steven G. Johnson +Steven G. Johnson +Steven G. Johnson +Steven G. Johnson +Steven G. Johnson + +Isaiah Norton +Isaiah Norton + +Blake Johnson +Blake Johnson + +Marcus Silva +Marcus Silva + +Amit Murthy + +Tanmay Mohapatra +Tanmay Mohapatra + +Dan Luu +Dan Luu + +Kevin Bache +Kevin Bache + +Rick +Rick + +David Smith +David Smith + +Carlos Becker + +Fabian R Lischka + +James J Porter + +Jay Weisskopf + +Joseph Perla + +Jutho +Jutho + +Tomas Lycken +Tomas Lycken + +Simon Byrne +Simon Byrne + +Jake Bolewski + +Leah Hanson + +Lei Wang +Lei Wang + +Kevin Squire + +Michael Fox <415fox@gmail.com> + +Miles Gould + +Pierre-Yves Gerardy + +Ron Rock + +Tony Kelman + +Tobias Knopp + +Ben Arthur +Ben Arthur + +Odd Andersen +Odd Andersen + +Ronan Arraes Jardim Chagas +Ronan Arraes Jardim Chagas + +Tim Besard +Tim Besard + +Tracy Wadleigh +Tracy Wadleigh + +Mike Innes + +Sean Garborg + +Scott P. Jones +Scott P. Jones + +M. Prentis +M. Prentis + +Peter +Peter + +Rafael Fourquet +Rafael Fourquet + +Dan Wlasiuk +Dan Wlasiuk + +Rene Donner +Rene Donner + +Waldir Pimenta +Waldir Pimenta + +Young Wu + +Daan Huybrechs + +Jey Kottalam +Jey Kottalam + +John Myles White +John Myles White + +Katharine Hyatt +Katharine Hyatt + +Oscar Blumberg +Oscar Blumberg + +Seth Bromberger +Seth Bromberger + +Tomas Lycken +Tomas Lycken + +Tracy Wadleigh +Tracy Wadleigh diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b227c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/.travis.yml @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +language: cpp +sudo: required +dist: trusty +matrix: + include: + - os: linux + env: ARCH="i686" + compiler: "g++-5 -m32" + addons: + apt: + sources: + - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test + packages: + - ccache + - libssl1.0.0 + - bar + - time + - binutils + - gcc-5 + - g++-5 + - gcc-5-multilib + - g++-5-multilib + - make:i386 + - libssl-dev:i386 + - gfortran-5 + - gfortran-5-multilib + - os: linux + env: ARCH="x86_64" + compiler: "g++-5 -m64" + addons: + apt: + sources: + - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test + packages: + - ccache + - libssl1.0.0 + - bar + - time + - g++-5 + - gfortran-5 + - os: osx + env: ARCH="x86_64" + osx_image: xcode8 +cache: ccache +branches: + only: + - master + - /^release-.*/ + - /^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+$/ +notifications: + email: false +before_install: + - make check-whitespace + - if [ `uname` = "Linux" ]; then + contrib/travis_fastfail.sh || exit 1; + mkdir -p $HOME/bin; + ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 $HOME/bin/gcc; + ln -s /usr/bin/g++-5 $HOME/bin/g++; + ln -s /usr/bin/gfortran-5 $HOME/bin/gfortran; + ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 $HOME/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc; + ln -s /usr/bin/g++-5 $HOME/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-g++; + gcc --version; + BAR="bar -i 30"; + BUILDOPTS="-j5 VERBOSE=1 FORCE_ASSERTIONS=1 LLVM_ASSERTIONS=1 USECCACHE=1"; + echo "override ARCH=$ARCH" >> Make.user; + sudo sh -c "echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/lo/disable_ipv6"; + export JULIA_CPU_THREADS=4; + export JULIA_TEST_MAXRSS_MB=1200; + TESTSTORUN="all"; + elif [ `uname` = "Darwin" ]; then + brew update; + brew install -v jq pv ccache; + export PATH="$(brew --prefix ccache)/libexec:$PATH"; + BAR="pv -i 30"; + contrib/travis_fastfail.sh || exit 1; + brew tap staticfloat/julia > /dev/null; + brew rm --force $(brew deps --HEAD julia); + brew install -v ccache gcc gmp mpfr pcre2 staticfloat/julia/openblas-julia staticfloat/julia/suite-sparse-julia staticfloat/juliadeps/libgfortran; + BUILDOPTS="-j3 USECLANG=1 USECCACHE=1 BINARYBUILDER_TRIPLET=x86_64-apple-darwin14 BINARYBUILDER_LLVM_ASSERTS=1"; + BUILDOPTS="$BUILDOPTS USE_BINARYBUILDER_LLVM=1 LLVM_CONFIG=$TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/usr/tools/llvm-config LLVM_SIZE=$TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/usr/tools/llvm-size"; + BUILDOPTS="$BUILDOPTS VERBOSE=1 USE_BLAS64=0 SUITESPARSE_INC=-I$(brew --prefix suite-sparse-julia)/include FORCE_ASSERTIONS=1"; + BUILDOPTS="$BUILDOPTS LIBBLAS=-lopenblas LIBBLASNAME=libopenblas LIBLAPACK=-lopenblas LIBLAPACKNAME=libopenblas"; + for lib in SUITESPARSE BLAS LAPACK GMP MPFR LIBUNWIND; do + BUILDOPTS="$BUILDOPTS USE_SYSTEM_$lib=1"; + done; + export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openblas-julia)/lib -L$(brew --prefix suite-sparse-julia)/lib"; + spawn_DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/lib:/lib:/usr/lib"; + spawn_DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH+=":$(brew --prefix openblas-julia)/lib"; + spawn_DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH+=":$(brew --prefix suite-sparse-julia)/lib"; + export JULIA_MACOS_SPAWN="DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=\"$spawn_DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH\" \$1"; + export BUILDOPTS="$BUILDOPTS spawn=\$(JULIA_MACOS_SPAWN)"; + make $BUILDOPTS -C contrib -f repackage_system_suitesparse4.make; + export JULIA_CPU_THREADS=2; + export JULIA_TEST_MAXRSS_MB=600; + TESTSTORUN="all --skip linalg/triangular subarray"; fi # TODO: re enable these if possible without timing out + - echo "override JULIA_CPU_TARGET=generic;native" >> Make.user + - wget http://http.debian.net/debian/pool/main/m/moreutils/moreutils_0.62.orig.tar.xz + - tar -xJvf moreutils_0.62.orig.tar.xz && mv moreutils-0.62 moreutils +script: + - echo BUILDOPTS=$BUILDOPTS + - export BUILDOPTS + # compile / install dependencies + - contrib/download_cmake.sh + - make -C moreutils mispipe + - make $BUILDOPTS -C base version_git.jl.phony + # capture the log, but only print it if `make deps` fails + # try to show the end of the log first, because this log might be very long (> 4MB) + # and thus be truncated by travis + - moreutils/mispipe "make \$BUILDOPTS NO_GIT=1 -C deps 2> deps-err.log" "$BAR" > deps.log || + { echo "-- deps build log stderr tail 100 --------------------------------------"; + tail -n 100 deps-err.log; + echo "-- deps build log stdout tail 100 --------------------------------------"; + tail -n 100 deps.log; + echo "-- deps build log stderr all -------------------------------------------"; + cat deps-err.log; + echo "-- deps build log stdout all -------------------------------------------"; + cat deps.log; + echo "-- end of deps build log -----------------------------------------------"; + false; } + # compile / install Julia + - make $BUILDOPTS NO_GIT=1 prefix=/tmp/julia release | moreutils/ts -s "%.s" + - make $BUILDOPTS NO_GIT=1 prefix=/tmp/julia install | moreutils/ts -s "%.s" + - make $BUILDOPTS NO_GIT=1 build-stats + - du -sk /tmp/julia/* + - ls -l /tmp/julia/lib + - ls -l /tmp/julia/lib/julia + - FILES_CHANGED=$(git diff --name-only $TRAVIS_COMMIT_RANGE -- || git ls-files) + - cd .. && mv julia julia2 + # run tests + - /tmp/julia/bin/julia --sysimage-native-code=no -e 'true' + # - /tmp/julia/bin/julia-debug --sysimage-native-code=no -e 'true' + - /tmp/julia/bin/julia -e 'Base.require(Main, :InteractiveUtils).versioninfo()' + - pushd /tmp/julia/share/julia/test + # skip tests if only files within the "doc" dir have changed + - if [ $(echo "$FILES_CHANGED" | grep -cv '^doc/') -gt 0 ]; then + /tmp/julia/bin/julia --check-bounds=yes runtests.jl $TESTSTORUN && + /tmp/julia/bin/julia --check-bounds=yes runtests.jl LibGit2/online Pkg/pkg download; fi + - popd + # test that the embedding code works on our installation + - mkdir /tmp/embedding-test && + make check -C /tmp/julia/share/julia/test/embedding \ + JULIA="/tmp/julia/bin/julia" \ + BIN=/tmp/embedding-test \ + "$(cd julia2 && make print-CC)" + # restore initial state and prepare for travis caching + - mv julia2 julia && + rm -f julia/deps/scratch/libgit2-*/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log + # run the doctests on Linux 64-bit + - if [ `uname` = "Linux" ] && [ $ARCH = "x86_64" ]; then + pushd julia && make -C doc doctest=true && popd; fi +# uncomment the following if failures are suspected to be due to the out-of-memory killer +# - dmesg +after_success: + - if [ `uname` = "Linux" ] && [ $ARCH = "x86_64" ]; then + cd julia && make -C doc deploy; fi diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddfd152 --- /dev/null +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ +# Notes for Julia Contributors + +Hi! If you are new to the Julia community: welcome, and thanks for trying Julia. Please be sure to respect our [community standards](https://julialang.org/community/standards) in all interactions. + +## Learning Julia + +[The learning page](https://julialang.org/learning) has a great list of resources for new and experienced users alike. [This tutorial video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWkgEddb4-A) is one recommended starting point, as is the "[Invitation to Julia](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQ1y5NUD_RI)" workshop video from JuliaCon 2015 ([slide materials here](https://github.com/dpsanders/invitation_to_julia)). The [Julia documentation](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest) covers the language and core library features, and is searchable. + +## Before filing an issue + +- Reporting a potential bug? Please read the "[How to file a bug report](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-file-a-bug-report)" section to make sure that all necessary information is included. + +- Contributing code? Be sure to review the [contributor checklist](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#contributor-checklist) for helpful tips on the tools we use to build Julia. + +- Library feature requests are generally not accepted on this issue tracker. New libraries should be developed as [packages](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/packages#Package-Development-1). Discuss ideas for libraries at the [Julia Discourse forum](https://discourse.julialang.org). Doing so will often lead to pointers to existing projects and bring together collaborators with common interests. + +## Contributor Checklist + +* Create a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free). + +* [Fork Julia](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/fork). + +* Build the software and libraries (the first time takes a while, but it's fast after that). Detailed build instructions are in the [README](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/tree/master/README.md). Julia depends on several external packages; most are automatically downloaded and installed, but are less frequently updated than Julia itself. + +* Keep Julia current. Julia is a fast-moving target, and many details of the language are still settling out. Keep the repository up-to-date and rebase work-in-progress frequently to make merges simpler. + +* Learn to use [git](http://git-scm.com), the version control system used by GitHub and the Julia project. Try a tutorial such as the one [provided by GitHub](http://try.GitHub.io/levels/1/challenges/1). + +* Review discussions on the [Julia Discourse forum](https://discourse.julialang.org). + +* For more detailed tips, read the [submission guide](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-contributions) below. + +* Relax and have fun! + +## How to file a bug report + +A useful bug report filed as a GitHub issue provides information about how to reproduce the error. + +1. Before opening a new [GitHub issue](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues): + - Try searching the existing issues or the [Julia Discourse forum](https://discourse.julialang.org) to see if someone else has already noticed the same problem. + - Try some simple debugging techniques to help isolate the problem. + - Try running the code with the debug build of Julia with `make debug`, which produces the `usr/bin/julia-debug`. + - Consider running `julia-debug` with a debugger such as `gdb` or `lldb`. Obtaining even a simple [backtrace](http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbsegfault.html) is very useful. + - If Julia segfaults, try following [these debugging tips](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/devdocs/backtraces#Reporting-and-analyzing-crashes-(segfaults)-1) to help track down the specific origin of the bug. + +2. If the problem is caused by a Julia package rather than core Julia, file a bug report with the relevant package author rather than here. + +3. When filing a bug report, provide where possible: + - The full error message, including the backtrace. + - A minimal working example, i.e. the smallest chunk of code that triggers the error. Ideally, this should be code that can be pasted into a REPL or run from a source file. If the code is larger than (say) 50 lines, consider putting it in a [gist](https://gist.github.com). + - The version of Julia as provided by the `versioninfo()` command. Occasionally, the longer output produced by `versioninfo(verbose = true)` may be useful also, especially if the issue is related to a specific package. + +4. When pasting code blocks or output, put triple backquotes (\`\`\`) around the text so GitHub will format it nicely. Code statements should be surrounded by single backquotes (\`). Be aware that the `@` sign tags users on GitHub, so references to macros should always be in single backquotes. See [GitHub's guide on Markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown) for more formatting tricks. + +## Submitting contributions + +### Contributing a Julia package + +Julia has a built-in [package manager](https://github.com/JuliaLang/METADATA.jl) based on `git`. A number of [packages](http://pkg.julialang.org) across many domains are already available for Julia. Developers are encouraged to provide their libraries as a Julia package. The Julia manual provides instructions on [creating Julia packages](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/packages). + +For developers who need to wrap C libraries so that they can be called from Julia, the [Clang.jl](https://github.com/ihnorton/Clang.jl) package can help generate the wrappers automatically from the C header files. + +### Package Compatibility Across Releases + +Sometimes, you might find that while your package works +on the current release, it might not work on the upcoming release or nightly. +This is due to the fact that some Julia functions (after some discussion) +could be deprecated or removed altogether. This may cause your package to break or +throw a number of deprecation warnings on usage. Therefore it is highly recommended +to port your package to latest Julia release. + +However, porting a package to the latest release may cause the package to break on +earlier Julia releases. To maintain compatibility across releases, use +[`Compat.jl`](https://github.com/JuliaLang/Compat.jl). Find the fix for your package +from the README, and specify the minimum version of Compat that provides the fix +in your REQUIRE file. To find the correct minimum version, refer to +[this guide](https://github.com/JuliaLang/Compat.jl/#tagging-the-correct-minimum-version-of-compat). + +### Writing tests + +There are never enough tests. Track [code coverage at Coveralls](https://coveralls.io/r/JuliaLang/julia), and help improve it. + +1. Go visit https://coveralls.io/r/JuliaLang/julia. + +2. Browse through the source files and find some untested functionality (highlighted in red) that you think you might be able to write a test for. + +3. Write a test that exercises this functionality---you can add your test to one of the existing files, or start a new one, whichever seems most appropriate to you. If you're adding a new test file, make sure you include it in the list of tests in `test/choosetests.jl`. https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/stdlib/Test/ may be helpful in explaining how the testing infrastructure works. + +4. Run `make test-all` to rebuild Julia and run your new test(s). If you had to fix a bug or add functionality in `base`, this will ensure that your test passes and that you have not introduced extraneous whitespace. + +5. Submit the test as a pull request (PR). + +* Code for the buildbot configuration is maintained at: https://github.com/staticfloat/julia-buildbot +* You can see the current buildbot setup at: https://build.julialang.org/builders +* [Issue 9493](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/9493) and [issue 11885](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/11885) have more detailed discussion on code coverage. + +Coveralls shows functionality that still needs "proof of concept" tests. These are important, as are tests for tricky edge cases, such as converting between integer types when the number to convert is near the maximum of the range of one of the integer types. Even if a function already has some coverage on Coveralls, it may still benefit from tests for edge cases. + +### Improving documentation + +*By contributing documentation to Julia, you are agreeing to release it under the [MIT License](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/tree/master/LICENSE.md).* + +Julia's documentation source files are stored in the `doc/` directory and all docstrings are found in `base/`. Like everything else these can be modified using `git`. Documentation is built with [Documenter.jl](https://github.com/JuliaDocs/Documenter.jl), which uses Markdown syntax. The HTML documentation can be built locally by running + +``` +make docs +``` + +from Julia's root directory. This will rebuild the Julia system image, then install or update the package dependencies required to build the documentation, and finally build the HTML documentation and place the resulting files in `doc/_build/html/`. + +> **Note** +> +> When making changes to any of Julia's documentation it is recommended that you run `make docs` to check the your changes are valid and do not produce any errors before opening a pull request. + +Below are outlined the three most common types of documentation changes and the steps required to perform them. Please note that the following instructions do not cover the full range of features provided by Documenter.jl. Refer to [Documenter's documentation](https://juliadocs.github.io/Documenter.jl/stable) if you encounter anything that is not covered by the sections below. + +#### Modifying files in `doc/src/` + +Most of the source text for the Julia Manual is located in `doc/src/`. To update or add new text to any one of the existing files the following steps should be followed: + +1. update the text in whichever `.md` files are applicable; +2. run `make docs` from the root directory; +3. check the output in `doc/_build/html/` to make sure the changes are correct; +4. commit your changes and open a pull request. + +> **Note** +> +> The contents of `doc/_build/` does **not** need to be committed when you make changes. + +To add a **new file** to `doc/src/` rather than updating a file replace step `1` above with + +1. add the file to the appropriate subdirectory in `doc/src/` and also add the file path to the `PAGES` vector in `doc/make.jl`. + +#### Modifying an existing docstring in `base/` + +All docstrings are written inline above the methods or types they are associated with and can be found by clicking on the `source` link that appears below each docstring in the HTML file. The steps needed to make a change to an existing docstring are listed below: + +1. find the docstring in `base/`; +2. update the text in the docstring; +3. run `make docs` from the root directory; +4. check the output in `doc/_build/html/` to make sure the changes are correct; +5. commit your changes and open a pull request. + +#### Adding a new docstring to `base/` + +The steps required to add a new docstring are listed below: + +1. find a suitable definition in `base/` that the docstring will be most applicable to; +2. add a docstring above the definition; +3. find a suitable `@docs` code block in one of the `doc/src/stdlib/` files where you would like the docstring to appear; +4. add the name of the definition to the `@docs` code block. For example, with a docstring added to a function `bar` + + ```julia + "..." + function bar(args...) + # ... + end + ``` + + you would add the name `bar` to a `@docs` block in `doc/src/stdlib/` + + ```@docs + foo + bar # <-- Added this one. + baz + ``` + +5. run `make docs` from the root directory; +6. check the output in `doc/_build/html` to make sure the changes are correct; +7. commit your changes and open a pull request. + +#### Doctests + +Examples written within docstrings can be used as testcases known as "doctests" by annotating code blocks with `jldoctest`. + + ```jldoctest + julia> uppercase("Docstring test") + "DOCSTRING TEST" + ``` + +A doctest needs to match an interactive REPL including the `julia>` prompt. To run doctests you need to run `make -C doc doctest=true` from the root directory. It is recommended to add the header `# Examples` above the doctests. + +#### News-worthy changes + +For new functionality and other substantial changes, add a brief summary to `NEWS.md`. The news item should cross reference the pull request (PR) parenthetically, in the form `([#pr])`; after adding this, run `./julia doc/NEWS-update.jl` from the `julia` directory to update the cross-reference links. To add the PR reference number, first create the PR, then push an additional commit updating `NEWS.md` with the PR reference number. + +### Contributing to core functionality or base libraries + +*By contributing code to Julia, you are agreeing to release it under the [MIT License](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/tree/master/LICENSE.md).* + +The Julia community uses [GitHub issues](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues) to track and discuss problems, feature requests, and pull requests (PR). You can make pull requests for incomplete features to get code review. The convention is to prefix the pull request title with "WIP:" for Work In Progress, or "RFC:" for Request for Comments when work is completed and ready for merging. This will prevent accidental merging of work that is in progress. + +Note: These instructions are for adding to or improving functionality in the base library. Before getting started, it can be helpful to discuss the proposed changes or additions on the [Julia Discourse forum](https://discourse.julialang.org) or in a GitHub issue---it's possible your proposed change belongs in a package rather than the core language. Also, keep in mind that changing stuff in the base can potentially break a lot of things. Finally, because of the time required to build Julia, note that it's usually faster to develop your code in stand-alone files, get it working, and then migrate it into the base libraries. + +Add new code to Julia's base libraries as follows (this is the "basic" approach; see a more efficient approach in the next section): + + 1. Edit the appropriate file in the `base/` directory, or add new files if necessary. Create tests for your functionality and add them to files in the `test/` directory. If you're editing C or Scheme code, most likely it lives in `src/` or one of its subdirectories, although some aspects of Julia's REPL initialization live in `ui/`. + + 2. Add any new files to `sysimg.jl` in order to build them into the Julia system image. + + 3. Add any necessary export symbols in `exports.jl`. + + 4. Include your tests in `test/Makefile` and `test/choosetests.jl`. + +Build as usual, and do `make clean testall` to test your contribution. If your contribution includes changes to Makefiles or external dependencies, make sure you can build Julia from a clean tree using `git clean -fdx` or equivalent (be careful – this command will delete any files lying around that aren't checked into git). + +Note: You can run specific test files with `make`: + + make test-bitarray + +or with the `runtests.jl` script, e.g. to run `test/bitarray.jl` and `test/math.jl`: + + ./usr/bin/julia test/runtests.jl bitarray math + +Make sure that [Travis](http://www.travis-ci.org) greenlights the pull request with a [`Good to merge` message](http://blog.travis-ci.com/2012-09-04-pull-requests-just-got-even-more-awesome). + +#### Modifying base more efficiently with Revise.jl + +[Revise](https://github.com/timholy/Revise.jl) is a package that +tracks changes in source files and automatically updates function +definitions in your running Julia session. Using it, you can make +extensive changes to Base without needing to rebuild in order to test +your changes. + +Here is the standard procedure: + +1. If you are planning changes to any types or macros, make those + changes and build julia using `make`. (This is + necessary because `Revise` cannot handle changes to type + definitions or macros.) Unless it's + required to get Julia to build, you do not have to add any + functionality based on the new types, just the type definitions + themselves. + +2. Start a Julia REPL session. Then issue the following commands: + +```julia +using Revise # if you aren't launching it in your `.julia/config/startup.jl` +Revise.track(Base) +``` + +3. Edit files in `base/`, save your edits, and test the + functionality. + +If you need to restart your Julia session, just start at step 2 above. +`Revise.track(Base)` will note any changes from when Julia was last +built and incorporate them automatically. You only need to rebuild +Julia if you made code-changes that Revise cannot handle. + +### Code Formatting Guidelines + +#### General Formatting Guidelines for Julia code contributions + + - 4 spaces per indentation level, no tabs + - use whitespace to make the code more readable + - no whitespace at the end of a line (trailing whitespace) + - comments are good, especially when they explain the algorithm + - try to adhere to a 92 character line length limit + - use upper camel case convention for modules, type names + - use lower case with underscores for method names + - it is generally preferred to use ASCII operators and identifiers over + Unicode equivalents whenever possible + - in docstring refer to the language as "Julia" and the executable as "`julia`" + +#### General Formatting Guidelines For C code contributions + + - 4 spaces per indentation level, no tabs + - space between if and ( (if (x) ...) + - newline before opening { in function definitions + - f(void) for 0-argument function declarations + - newline between } and else instead of } else { + - if one part of an if..else chain uses { } then all should + - no whitespace at the end of a line + +### Git Recommendations For Pull Requests + + - Avoid working from the `master` branch of your fork, creating a new branch will make it easier if Julia's `master` changes and you need to update your pull request. + - Try to [squash](http://gitready.com/advanced/2009/02/10/squashing-commits-with-rebase.html) together small commits that make repeated changes to the same section of code so your pull request is easier to review, and Julia's history won't have any broken intermediate commits. A reasonable number of separate well-factored commits is fine, especially for larger changes. + - If any conflicts arise due to changes in Julia's `master`, prefer updating your pull request branch with `git rebase` versus `git merge` or `git pull`, since the latter will introduce merge commits that clutter the git history with noise that makes your changes more difficult to review. + - If you see any unrelated changes to submodules like `deps/libuv`, `deps/openlibm`, etc., try running `git submodule update` first. + - Descriptive commit messages are good. + - Using `git add -p` or `git add -i` can be useful to avoid accidentally committing unrelated changes. + - GitHub does not send notifications when you push a new commit to a pull request, so please add a comment to the pull request thread to let reviewers know when you've made changes. + - When linking to specific lines of code in discussion of an issue or pull request, hit the `y` key while viewing code on GitHub to reload the page with a URL that includes the specific version that you're viewing. That way any lines of code that you refer to will still make sense in the future, even if the content of the file changes. + - Whitespace can be automatically removed from existing commits with `git rebase`. + - To remove whitespace for the previous commit, run + `git rebase --whitespace=fix HEAD~1`. + - To remove whitespace relative to the `master` branch, run + `git rebase --whitespace=fix master`. + +## Resources + +* Julia + - **Homepage:** + - **Community:** + - **IRC:** + - **Source code:** + - **Git clone URL:** + - **Documentation:** + - **Status:** + - **Code coverage:** + +* Design of Julia + - [Julia: A Fresh Approach to Numerical Computing](http://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.1607v3.pdf) + - [Julia: A Fast Dynamic Language for Technical Computing](https://julialang.org/images/julia-dynamic-2012-tr.pdf) + - [All Julia Publications](https://julialang.org/publications) + +* Using GitHub + - [Using Julia with GitHub (video)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnFYV3ZKtOg&feature=youtu.be) + - [Using Julia on GitHub (notes for video)](https://gist.github.com/2712118#file_Julia_git_pull_request.md) + - [General GitHub documentation](http://help.github.com) + - [GitHub pull request documentation](http://help.github.com/send-pull-requests) diff --git a/DISTRIBUTING.md b/DISTRIBUTING.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3cdadf --- /dev/null +++ b/DISTRIBUTING.md @@ -0,0 +1,592 @@ +Notes for building binary distributions +======================================= + +These notes are for those wishing to compile a binary distribution of Julia +for distribution on various platforms. We love users spreading Julia as +far and wide as they can, trying it out on as wide an array of +operating systems and hardware configurations as possible. As each +platform has specific gotchas and processes that must be followed in +order to create a portable, working Julia distribution, we have +separated most of the notes by OS. + +Note that while the code for Julia is +[MIT-licensed, with a few exceptions](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/LICENSE.md), +the distribution created by the techniques described herein will be +GPL licensed, as various dependent libraries such as `SuiteSparse` are +GPL licensed. We do hope to have a non-GPL distribution of Julia in the future. + +Versioning and Git +------------------ +The Makefile uses both the `VERSION` file and commit hashes and tags from the +git repository to generate the `base/version_git.jl` with information we use to +fill the splash screen and the `versioninfo()` output. If you for some reason +don't want to have the git repository available when building you should +pregenerate the `base/version_git.jl` file with: + + make -C base version_git.jl.phony + +Julia has lots of build dependencies where we use patched versions that has not +yet been included by the popular package managers. These dependencies will usually +be automatically downloaded when you build, but if you want to be able to build +Julia on a computer without internet access you should create a full-source-dist +archive with the special make target + + make full-source-dist + +that creates a julia-version-commit.tar.gz archive with all required dependencies. + +When compiling a tagged release in the git repository, we don't display the +branch/commit hash info in the splash screen. You can use this line to show +a release description of up to 45 characters. To set this line you have +to create a Make.user file containing: + + override TAGGED_RELEASE_BANNER = "my-package-repository build" + +Target Architectures +-------------------- + +By default, Julia optimizes its system image to the native architecture of +the build machine. This is usually not what you want when building packages, +as it will make Julia fail at startup on any machine with incompatible CPUs +(in particular older ones with more restricted instruction sets). + +We therefore recommend that you pass the `MARCH` variable when calling `make`, +setting it to the baseline target you intend to support. This will determine +the target CPU for both the Julia executable and libraries, and the system +image (the latter can also be set using `JULIA_CPU_TARGET`). Typically useful +values for x86 CPUs are `x86-64` and `core2` (for 64-bit builds) and +`pentium4` (for 32-bit builds). Unfortunately, CPUs older than Pentium 4 +are currently not supported (see +[this issue](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/7185)). + +The full list of CPU targets supported by LLVM can be obtained by running +`llc -mattr=help`. + +Linux +----- + +On Linux, `make binary-dist` creates a tarball that contains a fully +functional Julia installation. If you wish to create a distribution +package such as a `.deb`, or `.rpm`, some extra effort is needed. See the +[julia-debian](https://github.com/staticfloat/julia-debian) repository +for an example of what metadata is needed for creating `.deb` packages +for Debian and Ubuntu-based systems. See the +[Fedora package](https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/package/julia/) +for RPM-based distributions. Although we have not yet experimented +with it, [Alien](https://wiki.debian.org/Alien) could be used to +generate Julia packages for various Linux distributions. + +Julia supports overriding standard installation directories via `prefix` +and other environment variables you can pass when calling `make` and +`make install`. See Make.inc for their list. `DESTDIR` can also be used +to force the installation into a temporary directory. + +By default, Julia loads `$prefix/etc/julia/startup.jl` as an +installation-wide initialization file. This file can be used by +distribution managers to set up custom paths or initialization code. +For Linux distribution packages, if `$prefix` is +set to `/usr`, there is no `/usr/etc` to look into. This requires +the path to Julia's private `etc` directory to be changed. This can +be done via the `sysconfdir` make variable when building. Simply +pass `sysconfdir=/etc` to `make` when building and Julia will first +check `/etc/julia/startup.jl` before trying +`$prefix/etc/julia/startup.jl`. + +OS X +---- + +To create a binary distribution on OSX, build Julia first, then cd to +`contrib/mac/app`, and run `make` with the same makevars that were used +with `make` when building Julia proper. This will then +create a `.dmg` file in the `contrib/mac/app` directory holding a +completely self-contained Julia.app. + +Note that if you want your `.app` to be able to run on OSX 10.6 Snow +Leopard, you must pass `USE_SYSTEM_LIBUNWIND=1` as one of the make +variables passed to both `make` processes. This disables the use of +`libosxunwind`, a more modern libunwind that relies on OS features +available only in 10.7+. Furthermore, support for OSX 10.6 and 10.7 +requires that Julia is built with `USE_LIBCPP=0`. + +Windows +------- + +The best supported method of creating a Julia distribution on Windows +is to cross-compile from a Linux distribution such as Ubuntu. In-depth +compilation instructions [are +available](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/README.windows.md). +However the important steps for redistribution are to ensure to `make +win-extras` in between `make` and `make binary-dist`. After that process is +completed, the `.zip` file created in the head Julia directory will +hold a completely self-contained Julia. + +Notes on BLAS and LAPACK +------------------------ + +Julia builds OpenBLAS by default, which includes the BLAS and LAPACK +libraries. On 32-bit architectures, Julia builds OpenBLAS to use +32-bit integers, while on 64-bit architectures, Julia builds OpenBLAS +to use 64-bit integers (ILP64). It is essential that all Julia functions +that call BLAS and LAPACK API routines use integers of the correct width. + +Most BLAS and LAPACK distributions provided on linux distributions, +and even commercial implementations ship libraries that use 32-bit +APIs. In many cases, a 64-bit API is provided as a separate library. + +When using vendor provided or OS provided libraries, a `make` option +called `USE_BLAS64` is available as part of the Julia build. When doing +`make USE_BLAS64=0`, Julia will call BLAS and LAPACK assuming a 32-bit +API, where all integers are 32-bit wide, even on a 64-bit architecture. + +Other libraries that Julia uses, such as ARPACK and SuiteSparse also +use BLAS and LAPACK internally. The APIs need to be consistent across +all libraries that depend on BLAS and LAPACK. The Julia build process +will build all these libraries correctly, but when overriding defaults +and using system provided libraries, this consistency must be ensured. + +Also note that Linux distributions sometimes ship several versions of +OpenBLAS, some of which enable multithreading, and others only working +in a serial fashion. For example, in Fedora, `libopenblasp.so` is threaded, +but `libopenblas.so` is not. We recommend using the former for optimal +performance. To choose an OpenBLAS library whose name is different from +the default `libopenblas.so`, pass `LIBBLAS=-l$(YOURBLAS)` and +`LIBBLASNAME=lib$(YOURBLAS)` to `make`, replacing `$(YOURBLAS)` with the +name of your library. You can also add `.so.0` to the name of the library +if you want your package to work without requiring the unversioned `.so` +symlink. + +Finally, OpenBLAS includes its own optimized version of LAPACK. If you +set `USE_SYSTEM_BLAS=1` and `USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK=1`, you should also set +`LIBLAPACK=-l$(YOURBLAS)` and `LIBLAPACKNAME=lib$(YOURBLAS)`. Else, the +reference LAPACK will be used and performance will typically be much lower. + +Compilation scripts +=================== + +The [julia-nightly-packaging](https://github.com/staticfloat/julia-nightly-packaging) +repository contains multiple example scripts to ease the creation of +binary packages. It also includes miscellaneous tools to do things such as +fetching the last good commit that passed the +[Travis](https://travis-ci.org/JuliaLang/julia/builds) tests. + + +# Point releasing 101 + +Creating a point/patch release consists of several distinct steps. + +## Backporting commits + +Some pull requests are labeled "backport pending x.y", e.g. "backport pending 0.6". +This designates that the next subsequent release tagged from the release-x.y branch +should include the commit(s) in that pull request. +Once the pull request is merged into master, each of the commits should be [cherry +picked](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick) to a dedicated branch that will +ultimately be merged into release-x.y. + +### Creating a backports branch + +First, create a new branch based on release-x.y. +The typical convention for Julia branches is to prefix the branch name with your +initials if it's intended to be a personal branch. +For the sake of example, we'll say that the author of the branch is Jane Smith. + +``` +git fetch origin +git checkout release-x.y +git rebase origin/release-x.y +git checkout -b js/backport-x.y +``` + +This ensures that your local copy of release-x.y is up to date with origin before +you create a new branch from it. + +### Cherry picking commits + +Now we do the actual backporting. +Find all merged pull requests labeled "backport pending x.y" in the GitHub web UI. +For each of these, scroll to the bottom where it says "someperson merged commit +`123abc` into `master` XX minutes ago". +Note that the commit name is a link; if you click it, you'll be shown the contents +of the commit. +If this page shows that `123abc` is a merge commit, go back to the PR page---we +don't want merge commits, we want the actual commits. +However, if this does not show a merge commit, it means that the PR was squash-merged. +In that case, use the git SHA of the commit, listed next to commit on this page. + +Once you have the SHA of the commit, cherry-pick it onto the backporting branch: + +``` +git cherry-pick -x -e +``` + +There may be conflicts which need to be resolved manually. +Once conflicts are resolved (if applicable), add a reference to the GitHub pull +request that introduced the commit in the body of the commit message. + +After all of the relevant commits are on the backports branch, push the branch to +GitHub. + +## Checking for performance regressions + +Point releases should never introduce performance regressions. +Luckily the Julia benchmarking bot, Nanosoldier, can run benchmarks against any +branch, not just master. +In this case we want to check the benchmark results of js/backport-x.y against +release-x.y. +To do this, awaken the Nanosoldier from his robotic slumber using a comment on +your backporting pull request: + +```markdown +@nanosoldier `runbenchmarks(ALL, vs=":release-x.y")` +``` + +This will run all registered benchmarks on release-x.y and js/backport-x.y and +produce a summary of results, marking all improvements and regressions. + +If Nanosoldier finds any regressions, try verifying locally and rerun Nanosoldier +if necessary. +If the regressions are deemed to be real rather than just noise, you'll have to +find a commit on master to backport that fixes it if one exists, otherwise you +should determine what caused the regression and submit a patch (or get someone who +knows the code to submit a patch) to master, then backport the commit once that's +merged. +(Or submit a patch directly to the backport branch if appropriate.) + +## Building test binaries + +After the backport PR has been merged into the `release-x.y` branch, update your local +clone of Julia, then get the SHA of the branch using + +``` +git rev-parse origin/release-x.y +``` + +Keep that handy, as it's what you'll enter in the "Revision" field in the buildbot UI. + +For now, all you need are binaries for Linux x86-64, since this is what's used for +running PackageEvaluator. +Go to https://buildog.julialang.org, submit a job for `nuke_linux64`, then queue up a +job for `package_linux64`, providing the SHA as the revision. +When the packaging job completes, it will upload the binary to the `julialang2` bucket +on AWS. +Retrieve the URL, as it will be used for PackageEvaluator. + +## Checking for package breakages + +Point releases should never break packages, with the possible exception of packages +that are doing some seriously questionable hacks using Base internals that are +not intended to be user-facing. +(In those cases, maybe have a word with the package author.) + +Checking whether changes made in the forthcoming new version will break packages can +be accomplished using [PackageEvaluator](https://github.com/JuliaCI/PackageEvaluator.jl), +often called "PkgEval" for short. +PkgEval is what populates the status badges on GitHub repos and on pkg.julialang.org. +It typically runs on one of the non-benchmarking nodes of Nanosoldier and uses Vagrant +to perform its duties in separate, parallel VirtualBox virtual machines. + +### Setting up PackageEvaluator + +Clone PackageEvaluator and create a branch called `backport-x.y.z`, and check it out. +Note that the required changes are a little hacky and confusing, and hopefully that will +be addressed in a future version of PackageEvaluator. +The changes to make will be modeled off of +[this commit](https://github.com/JuliaCI/PackageEvaluator.jl/commit/5ba6a3b000e7a3793391d16f695c8704b91d6016). + +The setup script takes its first argument as the version of Julia to run and the second +as the range of package names (AK for packages named A-K, LZ for L-Z). +The basic idea is that we're going to tweak that a bit to run only two versions of Julia, +the current x.y release and our backport version, each with three ranges of packages. + +In the linked diff, we're saying that if the second argument is LZ, use the binaries +built from our backport branch, otherwise (AK) use the release binaries. +Then we're using the first argument to run a section of the package list: A-F for input +0.4, G-N for 0.5, and O-Z for 0.6. + +### Running PackageEvaluator + +To run PkgEval, find a hefty enough machine (such as Nanosoldier node 1), then run + +``` +git clone https://github.com/JuliaCI/PackageEvaluator.jl.git +cd PackageEvaluator.jl/scripts +git checkout backport-x.y.z +./runvagrant.sh +``` + +This produces some folders in the scripts/ directory. +The folder names and their contents are decoded below: + +| Folder name | Julia version | Package range | +| :---------: | :-----------: | :-----------: | +| 0.4AK | Release | A-F | +| 0.4LZ | Backport | A-F | +| 0.5AK | Release | G-N | +| 0.5LZ | Backport | G-N | +| 0.6AK | Release | O-Z | +| 0.6LZ | Backport | O-Z | + +### Investigating results + +Once that's done, you can use `./summary.sh` from that same directory to produce +a summary report of the findings. +We'll do so for each of the folders to aggregate overall results by version. + +``` +./summary.sh 0.4AK/*.json > summary_release.txt +./summary.sh 0.5AK/*.json >> summary_release.txt +./summary.sh 0.6AK/*.json >> summary_release.txt +./summary.sh 0.4LZ/*.json > summary_backport.txt +./summary.sh 0.5LZ/*.json >> summary_backport.txt +./summary.sh 0.6LZ/*.json >> summary_backport.txt +``` + +Now we have two files, `summary_release.txt` and `summary_backport.txt`, containing +the PackageEvaluator test results (pass/fail) for each package for the two versions. + +To make these easier to ingest into a Julia, we'll convert them into CSV files then +use the DataFrames package to process the results. +To convert to CSV, copy each .txt file to a corresponding .csv file, then enter Vim +and execute `ggVGI"` then `:%s/\.json /",/g`. +(You don't have to use Vim; this just is one way to do it.) +Now process the results with Julia code similar to the following. + +```julia +using DataFrames + +release = readtable("summary_release.csv", header=false, names=[:package, :release]) +backport = readtable("summary_backport.csv", header=false, names=[:package, :backport]) + +results = join(release, backport, on=:package, kind=:outer) + +for result in eachrow(results) + a = result[:release] + b = result[:backport] + if (isna(a) && !isna(b)) || (isna(b) && !isna(a)) + color = :yellow + elseif a != b && occursin("pass", b) + color = :green + elseif a != b + color = :red + else + continue + end + printstyled(result[:package], ": Release ", a, " -> Backport ", b, "\n", color=color) +end +``` + +This will write color-coded lines to `stdout`. +All lines in red must be investigated as they signify potential breakages caused by the +backport version. +Lines in yellow should be looked into since it means a package ran on one version but +not on the other for some reason. +If you find that your backported branch is causing breakages, use `git bisect` to +identify the problematic commits, `git revert` those commits, and repeat the process. + +## Merging backports into the release branch + +After you have ensured that + +* the backported commits pass all of Julia's unit tests, +* there are no performance regressions introduced by the backported commits as compared + to the release branch, and +* the backported commits do not break any registered packages, + +then the backport branch is ready to be merged into release-x.y. +Once it's merged, go through and remove the "backport pending x.y" label from all pull +requests containing the commits that have been backported. +Do not remove the label from PRs that have not been backported. + +The release-x.y branch should now contain all of the new commits. +The last thing we want to do to the branch is to adjust the version number. +To do this, submit a PR against release-x.y that edits the VERSION file to remove `-pre` +from the version number. +Once that's merged, we're ready to tag. + +## Tagging the release + +It's time! +Check out the release-x.y branch and make sure that your local copy of the branch is +up to date with the remote branch. +At the command line, run + +``` +git tag v$(cat VERSION) +git push --tags +``` + +This creates the tag locally and pushes it to GitHub. + +After tagging the release, submit another PR to release-x.y to bump the patch number +and add `-pre` back to the end. +This denotes that the branch state reflects a prerelease version of the next point +release in the x.y series. + +Follow the remaining directions in the Makefile. + +## Signing binaries + +Some of these steps will require secure passwords. +To obtain the appropriate passwords, contact Elliot Saba (staticfloat) or Alex Arslan +(ararslan). +Note that code signing for each platform must be performed on that platform (e.g. Windows +signing must be done on Windows, etc.). + +### Linux + +Code signing must be done manually on Linux, but it's quite simple. +First obtain the file `julia.key` from the CodeSigning folder in the `juliasecure` AWS +bucket. +Add this to your GnuPG keyring using + +``` +gpg --import julia.key +``` + +This will require entering a password that you must obtain from Elliot or Alex. +Next, set the trust level for the key to maximum. +Start by entering a `gpg` session: + +``` +gpg --edit-key julia +``` + +At the prompt, type `trust`, then when asked for a trust level, provide the maximum +available (likely 5). +Exit GnuPG. + +Now, for each of the Linux tarballs that were built on the buildbots, enter + +``` +gpg -u julia --armor --detach-sig julia-x.y.z-linux-.tar.gz +``` + +This will produce a corresponding .asc file for each tarball. +And that's it! + +### macOS + +Code signing should happen automatically on the macOS buildbots. +However, it's important to verify that it was successful. +On a system or virtual machine running macOS, download the .dmg file that was built on +the buildbots. +For the sake of example, say that the .dmg file is called `julia-x.y.z-osx.dmg`. +Run + +``` +mkdir ./jlmnt +hdiutil mount -readonly -mountpoint ./jlmnt julia-x.y.z-osx.dmg +codesign -v jlmnt/Julia-x.y.app +``` + +Be sure to note the name of the mounted disk listed when mounting! +For the sake of example, we'll assume this is `disk3`. +If the code signing verification exited successfully, there will be no output from the +`codesign` step. +If it was indeed successful, you can detach the .dmg now: + +``` +hdiutil eject /dev/disk3 +rm -rf ./jlmnt +``` + +If you get a message like + +> Julia-x.y.app: code object is not signed at all + +then you'll need to sign manually. + +To sign manually, first retrieve the OS X certificates from the CodeSigning folder +in the `juliasecure` bucket on AWS. +Add the .p12 file to your keychain using Keychain.app. +Ask Elliot Saba (staticfloat) or Alex Arslan (ararslan) for the password for the key. +Now run + +``` +hdiutil convert julia-x.y.z-osx.dmg -format UDRW -o julia-x.y.z-osx_writable.dmg +mkdir ./jlmnt +hdiutil mount -mountpoint julia-x.y.z-osx_writable.dmg +codesign -s "AFB379C0B4CBD9DB9A762797FC2AB5460A2B0DBE" --deep jlmnt/Julia-x.y.app +``` + +This may fail with a message like + +> Julia-x.y.app: resource fork, Finder information, or similar detritus not allowed + +If that's the case, you'll need to remove extraneous attributes: + +``` +xattr -cr jlmnt/Julia-x.y.app +``` + +Then retry code signing. +If that produces no errors, retry verification. +If all is now well, unmount the writable .dmg and convert it back to read-only: + +``` +hdiutil eject /dev/disk3 +rm -rf ./jlmnt +hdiutil convert julia-x.y.z-osx_writable.dmg -format UDZO -o julia-x.y.z-osx_fixed.dmg +``` + +Verify that the resulting .dmg is in fact fixed by double clicking it. +If everything looks good, eject it then drop the `_fixed` suffix from the name. +And that's it! + +### Windows + +Signing must be performed manually on Windows. +First obtain the Windows 10 SDK, which contains the necessary signing utilities, from +the Microsoft website. +We need the `SignTool` utility which should have been installed somewhere like +`C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\App Certification Kit`. +Grab the Windows certificate files from CodeSigning on `juliasecure` and put them +in the same directory as the executables. +Open a Windows CMD window, `cd` to where all the files are, and run + +``` +set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\App Certification Kit; +signtool sign /f julia-windows-code-sign_2017.p12 /p "PASSWORD" ^ + /t http://timestamp.verisign.com/scripts/timstamp.dll ^ + /v julia-x.y.z-win32.exe +``` + +Note that `^` is a line continuation character in Windows CMD and `PASSWORD` is a +placeholder for the password for this certificate. +As usual, contact Elliot or Alex for passwords. +If there are no errors, we're all good! + +## Uploading binaries + +Now that everything is signed, we need to upload the binaries to AWS. +You can use a program like Cyberduck or the `aws` command line utility. +The binaries should go in the `julialang2` bucket in the appropriate folders. +For example, Linux x86-64 goes in `julialang2/bin/linux/x.y`. +Be sure to delete the current `julia-x.y-latest-linux-.tar.gz` file and replace +it with a duplicate of `julia-x.y.z-linux-.tar.gz`. + +We also need to upload the checksums for everything we've built, including the source +tarballs and all release binaries. +This is simple: + +``` +shasum -a 256 julia-x.y.z* | grep -v -e sha256 -e md5 -e asc > julia-x.y.z.sha256 +md5sum julia-x.y.z* | grep -v -e sha256 -e md5 -e asc > julia-x.y.z.md5 +``` + +Note that if you're running those commands on macOS, you'll get very slightly different +output, which can be reformatted by looking at an existing file. +Mac users will also need to use `md5 -r` instead of `md5sum`. +Upload the .md5 and .sha256 files to `julialang2/bin/checksums` on AWS. + +Ensure that the permissions on AWS for all uploaded files are set to "Everyone: READ." + +For each file we've uploaded, we need to purge the Fastly cache so that the links on +the website point to the updated files. +As an example: + +``` +curl -X PURGE https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/checksums/julia-x.y.z.sha256 +``` + +Sometimes this isn't necessary but it's good to do anyway. diff --git a/HISTORY.md b/HISTORY.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6880566 --- /dev/null +++ b/HISTORY.md @@ -0,0 +1,4759 @@ +Julia v0.7.0 Release Notes +========================== + +New language features +--------------------- + + * Local variables can be tested for being defined + using the new `@isdefined variable` macro ([#22281]). + + * Destructuring in function arguments: when an expression such as `(x, y)` is used as + a function argument name, the argument is unpacked into local variables `x` and `y` + as in the assignment `(x, y) = arg` ([#6614]). + + * Named tuples, with the syntax `(a=1, b=2)`. These behave very similarly to tuples, + except components can also be accessed by name using dot syntax `t.a` ([#22194]). + + * Keyword argument containers (`kw` in `f(; kw...)`) are now based on named tuples. Dictionary + functions like `haskey` and indexing can be used on them, and name-value pairs can be + iterated using `pairs(kw)`. `kw` can no longer contain multiple entries for the same + argument name ([#4916]). + + * Custom infix operators can now be defined by appending Unicode + combining marks, primes, and sub/superscripts to other operators. + For example, `+̂ₐ″` is parsed as an infix operator with the same + precedence as `+` ([#22089]). + + * The macro call syntax `@macroname[args]` is now available and is parsed + as `@macroname([args])` ([#23519]). + + * The construct `if @generated ...; else ...; end` can be used to provide both + `@generated` and normal implementations of part of a function. Surrounding code + will be common to both versions ([#23168]). + + * Added `⟂` (`\perp`) operator with comparison precedence ([#24404]). + + * The `missing` singleton object (of type `Missing`) has been added to represent + missing values ([#24653]). It propagates through standard operators and mathematical functions, + and implements three-valued logic, similar to SQLs `NULL` and R's `NA`. + + * Field access via dot-syntax can now be overloaded by adding methods to + `Base.getproperty` and `Base.setproperty!` ([#1974]), optionally along with + a corresponding `Base.propertynames` method for reflection ([#25311]). + + * Values for `Enum`s can now be specified inside of a `begin` block when using the + `@enum` macro ([#25424]). + + * Keyword arguments can be required: if a default value is omitted, then an + exception is thrown if the caller does not assign the keyword a value ([#25830]). + + * The pair operator `=>` is now broadcastable as `.=>` which was previously a parsing error ([#27447]) + +Language changes +---------------- + + * The syntax for parametric methods, `function f{T}(x::T)`, has been + changed to `function f(x::T) where {T}` ([#11310]). + + * The fallback constructor that calls `convert` is deprecated. Instead, new types should + prefer to define constructors, and add `convert` methods that call those constructors + only as necessary ([#15120]). + + * The syntax `1.+2` is deprecated, since it is ambiguous: it could mean either + `1 .+ 2` (the current meaning) or `1. + 2` ([#19089]). + + * Mutable structs with no fields are no longer singletons; it is now possible to make + multiple instances of them that can be distinguished by `===` ([#25854]). + Zero-size immutable structs are still singletons. + + * In string and character literals, backslash `\` may no longer + precede unrecognized escape characters ([#22800]). + + * Juxtaposing binary, octal, and hexadecimal literals is deprecated, since it can lead to + confusing code such as `0xapi == 0xa * pi` ([#16356]). + + * Numeric literal juxtaposition now has slighty lower precedence than unary operators, + so for example `√2x` parses as `(√2) * x` ([#27641]). + + * Declaring arguments as `x::ANY` to avoid specialization has been replaced + by `@nospecialize x`. ([#22666]). + + This can also be used in global scope, to apply to all subsequent method definitions + in the module (until `@specialize`). ([#28065]) + + * Keyword argument default values are now evaluated in successive scopes --- + the scope for each expression includes only previous keyword arguments, in + left-to-right order ([#17240]). + + * The parsing of `1<<2*3` as `1<<(2*3)` is deprecated, and will change to + `(1<<2)*3` in a future version ([#13079]). + + * The parsing of `<|` is now right associative. `|>` remains left associative ([#24153]). + + * `:` now parses like other operators, as a call to a function named `:`, instead of + calling `colon` ([#25947]). + + * `{ }` expressions now use `braces` and `bracescat` as expression heads instead + of `cell1d` and `cell2d`, and parse similarly to `vect` and `vcat` ([#8470]). + + * Nested `if` expressions that arise from the keyword `elseif` now use `elseif` + as their expression head instead of `if` ([#21774]). + + * `let` blocks now parse the same as `for` loops; the first argument is either an + assignment or `block` of assignments, and the second argument is a block of + statements ([#21774]). + + * `do` syntax now parses to an expression with head `:do`, instead of as a function + call ([#21774]). + + * Parsed and lowered forms of type definitions have been synchronized with their + new keywords ([#23157]). Expression heads are renamed as follows: + + + `type` => `struct` + + + `bitstype` => `primitive` (order of arguments is also reversed, to match syntax) + + + `composite_type` => `struct_type` + + + `bits_type` => `primitive_type` + + * The `global` keyword now only introduces a new binding if one doesn't already exist + in the module. + This means that assignment to a global (`global sin = 3`) may now throw the error: + "cannot assign variable Base.sin from module Main", rather than emitting a warning. + Additionally, the new bindings are now created before the statement is executed. + For example, `f() = (global sin = "gluttony"; nothing)` will now resolve which module + contains `sin` eagerly, rather than delaying that decision until `f` is run. ([#22984]). + + * `global const` declarations may no longer appear inside functions ([#12010]). + + * Uninitialized `BitArray` constructors of the form `BitArray[{N}](shape...)` have been + deprecated in favor of equivalents accepting `undef` (an alias for + `UndefInitializer()`) as their first argument, as in + `BitArray[{N}](undef, shape...)`. For example, `BitVector(3)` is now + `BitVector(undef, 3)`, `BitMatrix((2, 4))` is now + `BitMatrix(undef, (2, 4))`, and `BitArray{3}(11, 13, 17)` is now + `BitArray{3}(undef, 11, 14, 17)` ([#24785]). + + * Dispatch rules have been simplified: + method matching is now determined exclusively by subtyping; + the rule that method type parameters must also be captured has been removed. + Instead, attempting to access the unconstrained parameters will throw an `UndefVarError`. + Linting in package tests is recommended to confirm that the set of methods + which might throw `UndefVarError` when accessing the static parameters + (`need_to_handle_undef_sparam = Set{Any}(m.sig for m in Test.detect_unbound_args(Base, recursive=true))`) + is equal (`==`) to some known set (`expected = Set()`). ([#23117]) + + * `const` declarations on local variables were previously ignored. They now give a + warning, so that this syntax can be disallowed or given a new meaning in a + future version ([#5148]). + + * Placing an expression after `catch`, as in `catch f(x)`, is deprecated. + Use `catch; f(x)` instead ([#19987]). + + * In `for i = ...`, if a local variable `i` already existed it would be overwritten + during the loop. This behavior is deprecated, and in the future `for` loop variables + will always be new variables local to the loop ([#22314]). + The old behavior of overwriting an existing variable is available via `for outer i = ...`. + + * In `for i in x`, `x` used to be evaluated in a new scope enclosing the `for` loop. + Now it is evaluated in the scope outside the `for` loop. + + * In `for i in x, j in y`, all variables now have fresh bindings on each iteration of the + innermost loop. For example, an assignment to `i` will not be visible on the next `j` + loop iteration ([#330]). + + * Variable bindings local to `while` loop bodies are now freshly allocated on each loop iteration, + matching the behavior of `for` loops. + + * Prefix `&` for by-reference arguments to `ccall` has been deprecated in favor of + `Ref` argument types ([#6080]). + + * The constructor `Ref(x::T)` now always returns a `Ref{T}` ([#21527]). + + * All line numbers in ASTs are represented by `LineNumberNode`s; the `:line` expression + head is no longer used. `QuoteNode`s are also consistently used for quoted symbols instead + of the `:quote` expression head (though `:quote` `Expr`s are still used for quoted + expressions) ([#23885]). + + * The `+` and `-` methods for `Number` and `UniformScaling` are not ambiguous anymore since `+` + and `-` no longer do automatic broadcasting. Hence, the methods for `UniformScaling` and `Number` are + no longer deprecated ([#23923]). + + * The keyword `importall` is deprecated. Use `using` and/or individual `import` statements + instead ([#22789]). + + * `reduce(+, [...])` and `reduce(*, [...])` no longer widen the iterated over arguments to + system word size. `sum` and `prod` still preserve this behavior. ([#22825]) + + * Like `_`, variable names consisting only of underscores can be assigned, + but accessing their values is deprecated ([#24221]). + + * Raw string literal escaping rules have been changed to make it possible to write all strings. + The rule is that backslashes escape both quotes and other backslashes, but only when a sequence + of backslashes precedes a quote character. Thus, 2n backslashes followed by a quote encodes n + backslashes and the end of the literal while 2n+1 backslashes followed by a quote encodes n + backslashes followed by a quote character ([#22926]). + + * `reprmime(mime, x)` has been renamed to `repr(mime, x)`, and along with `repr(x)` + and `sprint` it now accepts an optional `context` keyword for `IOContext` attributes. + `stringmime` has been moved to the Base64 stdlib package ([#25990]). + + * The syntax `(x...)` for constructing a tuple is deprecated; use `(x...,)` instead ([#24452]). + + * Non-parenthesized interpolated variables in strings, e.g. `"$x"`, must be followed + by a character that will never be an allowed identifier character (currently + operators, space/control characters, or common punctuation characters) ([#25231]). + + * The syntax `using A.B` can now only be used when `A.B` is a module, and the syntax + `using A: B` can only be used for adding single bindings ([#8000]). + + * `=>` now has its own precedence level, giving it strictly higher precedence than + `=` and `,` ([#25391]). + + * The conditions under which unary operators followed by `(` are parsed as prefix function + calls have changed ([#26154]). + + * `begin` is disallowed inside indexing expressions, in order to enable the syntax + `a[begin]` (for selecting the first element) in the future ([#23354]). + + * Underscores for `_italics_` and `__bold__` are now supported by the Base Markdown + parser. ([#25564]) + + * `…` (`\dots`) and `⁝` (`\tricolon`) are now parsed as binary operators ([#26262]). + + * Assignment syntax (`a=b`) inside square bracket expressions (e.g. `A[...]`, `[x, y]`) + is deprecated. It will likely be reclaimed in a later version for passing keyword + arguments. Note this does not affect updating operators like `+=` ([#25631]). + + * `try` blocks without `catch` or `finally` are no longer allowed. An explicit empty + `catch` block should be written instead ([#27554]). + + * `AbstractArray` types that use unconventional (not 1-based) indexing can now support + `size`, `length`, and `@inbounds`. To optionally enforce conventional indices, + you can `@assert !has_offset_axes(A)`. + + * Module pre-compilation is now the default for code loading. Adding a + `__precompile__()` declaration is no longer necessary, although + `__precompile__(false)` can still be used to opt-out ([#26991]). + +Breaking changes +---------------- + +This section lists changes that do not have deprecation warnings. + + * The package manager `Pkg` has been replaced with a new one. See the manual entries on + "Code Loading" and "Pkg" for documentation. + + * `replace(s::AbstractString, pat=>repl)` for function `repl` arguments formerly + passed a substring to `repl` in all cases. It now passes substrings for + string patterns `pat`, but a `Char` for character patterns (when `pat` is a + `Char`, collection of `Char`, or a character predicate) ([#25815]). + + * `readuntil` now does *not* include the delimiter in its result, matching the + behavior of `readline`. Pass `keep=true` to get the old behavior ([#25633]). + + * `lu` methods now return decomposition objects such as `LU` rather than + tuples of arrays or tuples of numbers ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `schur` methods now return decomposition objects such as `Schur` and + `GeneralizedSchur` rather than tuples of arrays ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `lq` methods now return decomposition objects such as `LQ` + rather than tuples of arrays ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `qr` methods now return decomposition objects such as `QR`, `QRPivoted`, + and `QRCompactWY` rather than tuples of arrays ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `svd` methods now return decomposition objects such as `SVD` and + `GeneralizedSVD` rather than tuples of arrays or tuples of numbers ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `countlines` now always counts the last non-empty line even if it does not + end with EOL, matching the behavior of `eachline` and `readlines` ([#25845]). + + * `getindex(s::String, r::UnitRange{Int})` now throws `StringIndexError` if `last(r)` + is not a valid index into `s` ([#22572]). + + * `ntuple(f, n::Integer)` throws `ArgumentError` if `n` is negative. + Previously an empty tuple was returned ([#21697]). + + * `⋮`, `⋱`, `⋰`, and `⋯` are now parsed as binary operators, not ordinary + identifiers. `≔`, `≕`, and `⩴` now parse with assignment rather than comparison + precedence ([#26262]). + + * Juxtaposing string literals (e.g. `"x"y`) is now a syntax error ([#20575]). + + * `finalizer(function, object)` now returns `object` rather than `nothing` ([#24679]). + + * The constructor of `SubString` now checks if the requested view range + is defined by valid indices in the parent `AbstractString` ([#22511]). + + * Macro calls with `for` expressions are now parsed as generators inside + function argument lists ([#18650]). Examples: + + + `sum(@inbounds a[i] for i = 1:n)` used to give a syntax error, but is now + parsed as `sum(@inbounds(a[i]) for i = 1:n)`. + + + `sum(@m x for i = 1:n end)` used to parse the argument to `sum` as a 2-argument + call to macro `@m`, but now parses it as a generator plus a syntax error + for the dangling `end`. + + * `@__DIR__` returns the current working directory rather than `nothing` when not run + from a file ([#21759]). + + * `@__FILE__` and `@__DIR__` return information relative to the file that it was parsed from, + rather than from the task-local `SOURCE_PATH` global when it was expanded. + + * All macros receive an extra argument `__source__::LineNumberNode` which describes the + parser location in the source file for the `@` of the macro call. + It can be accessed as a normal argument variable in the body of the macro. + This is implemented by inserting an extra leading argument into the + `Expr(:macrocall, :@name, LineNumberNode(...), args...)` + surface syntax. ([#21746]) + + * Passing the same keyword argument multiple times is now a syntax error ([#16937]). + + * `getsockname` on a `TCPSocket` now returns the locally bound address and port + of the socket. Previously the address of the remote endpoint was being + returned ([#21825]). + + * The `~/.juliarc.jl` file has been moved to `~/.julia/config/startup.jl` and + `/etc/julia/juliarc.jl` file has been renamed to `/etc/julia/startup.jl` ([#26161]). + + * Using `ARGS` within `startup.jl` files or within a .jl file loaded with `--load` will no + longer contain the script name as the first argument. Instead, the script name will be + assigned to `PROGRAM_FILE`. ([#22092]) + + * The format for a `ClusterManager` specifying the cookie on the command line is now + `--worker=`. `--worker ` will not work as it is now an optional argument. + + * The representation of `CartesianRange` has changed to a + tuple-of-AbstractUnitRanges; the `start` and `stop` fields are no + longer present. Use `first(R)` and `last(R)` to obtain + start/stop. ([#20974]) + + * The `Diagonal`, `Bidiagonal`, `Tridiagonal` and `SymTridiagonal` type definitions have + changed from `Diagonal{T}`, `Bidiagonal{T}`, `Tridiagonal{T}` and `SymTridiagonal{T}` + to `Diagonal{T,V<:AbstractVector{T}}`, `Bidiagonal{T,V<:AbstractVector{T}}`, + `Tridiagonal{T,V<:AbstractVector{T}}` and `SymTridiagonal{T,V<:AbstractVector{T}}` + respectively ([#22718], [#22925], [#23035], [#23154]). + + * The immediate supertype of `BitArray` is now simply `AbstractArray`. `BitArray` is no longer + considered a subtype of `DenseArray` and `StridedArray` ([#25858]). + + * When called with an argument that contains `NaN` elements, `findmin` and `findmax` now return the + first `NaN` found and its corresponding index. Previously, `NaN` elements were ignored. + The new behavior matches that of `min`, `max`, `minimum`, and `maximum`. + + * `isapprox(x,y)` now tests `norm(x-y) <= max(atol, rtol*max(norm(x), norm(y)))` + rather than `norm(x-y) <= atol + ...`, and `rtol` defaults to zero + if an `atol > 0` is specified ([#22742]). + + * Spaces are no longer allowed between `@` and the name of a macro in a macro call ([#22868]). + + * Juxtaposition of a non-literal with a macro call (`x@macro`) is no longer valid syntax ([#22868]). + + * On a cluster, all files are now loaded from the local file system rather than node 1 ([#22588]). + To load the same file everywhere from node 1, one possible alternative is to broadcast a call to `include_string`: + `@everywhere include_string(Main, $(read("filename", String)), "filename")`. + Improving upon this API is left as an opportunity for packages. + + * `randperm(n)` and `randcycle(n)` now always return a `Vector{Int}` (independent of + the type of `n`). Use the corresponding mutating functions `randperm!` and `randcycle!` + to control the array type ([#22723]). + + * Hermitian now ignores any imaginary components in the diagonal instead of checking + the diagonal. ([#17367]) + + * Worker-worker connections are setup lazily for an `:all_to_all` topology. Use keyword + arg `lazy=false` to force all connections to be setup during a `addprocs` call. ([#22814]) + + * In `joinpath(a, b)` on Windows, if the drive specifications of `a` and `b` do not match, + `joinpath` now returns `b` instead of throwing an `ArgumentError`. `joinpath(path...)` is + defined to be left associative, so if any argument has a drive path which does not match + the drive of the join of the preceding paths, the prior ones are dropped. ([#20912]) + + * `^(A::AbstractMatrix{<:Integer}, p::Integer)` now throws a `DomainError` + if `p < 0`, unless `A == one(A)` or `A == -one(A)` (same as for + `^(A::Integer, p::Integer)`) ([#23366]). + + * `^(A::AbstractMatrix{<:Integer}, p::Integer)` now promotes the element type in the same + way as `^(A::Integer, p::Integer)`. This means, for instance, that `[1 1; 0 1]^big(1)` + will return a `Matrix{BigInt}` instead of a `Matrix{Int}` ([#23366]). + + * The element type of the input is now preserved in `unique`. Previously the element type + of the output was shrunk to fit the union of the type of each element in the input. + ([#22696]) + + * The `promote` function now raises an error if its arguments are of different types + and if attempting to convert them to a common type fails to change any of their types. + This avoids stack overflows in the common case of definitions like + `f(x, y) = f(promote(x, y)...)` ([#22801]). + + * `indmin` and `indmax` have been renamed to `argmin` and `argmax`, respectively ([#25654]). + + * `findmin`, `findmax`, `argmin`, and `argmax` used to always return linear indices. + They now return `CartesianIndex`es for all but 1-d arrays, and in general return + the `keys` of indexed collections (e.g. dictionaries) ([#22907]). + + * The `openspecfun` library is no longer built and shipped with Julia, as it is no longer + used internally ([#22390]). + + * All loaded packages used to have bindings in `Main` (e.g. `Main.Package`). This is no + longer the case; now bindings will only exist for packages brought into scope by + typing `using Package` or `import Package` ([#17997]). + + * The rules for mixed-signedness integer arithmetic (e.g. `Int32(1) + UInt64(1)`) have been + simplified: if the arguments have different sizes (in bits), then the type of the larger + argument is used. If the arguments have the same size, the unsigned type is used ([#9292]). + + * All command line arguments passed via `-e`, `-E`, and `-L` will be executed in the order + given on the command line ([#23665]). + + * `I` now yields `UniformScaling{Bool}(true)` rather than `UniformScaling{Int64}(1)` + to better preserve types in operations involving `I` ([#24396]). + + * The return type of `reinterpret` has changed to `ReinterpretArray`. `reinterpret` on sparse + arrays has been discontinued. + + * `Base.find_in_path` is now `Base.find_package` or `Base.find_source_file` ([#24320]). + + * `finalizer` now takes functions or pointers as its first argument, and the object being + finalized as its second (rather than the reverse). For the majority of use cases + deprecation warnings will be triggered. However, deprecation warnings will not trigger where + (1) the callable argument is not a subtype of `Function`; or (2) both arguments are + `Function`s or `Ptr{Cvoid}`s ([#24605]). + + * The `kill` function now throws errors on user error (e.g. on permission + errors), but returns successfully if the process had previously exited. + Its return value has been removed. Use the `process_running` function + to determine if a process has already exited. + + * The logging system has been redesigned - `info` and `warn` are deprecated + and replaced with the logging macros `@info`, `@warn`, `@debug` and + `@error`. The `logging` function is also deprecated and replaced with + `AbstractLogger` and the functions from the new standard `Logging` library. + ([#24490]) + + * The `RevString` type has been removed from the language; `reverse(::String)` returns + a `String` with code points (or fragments thereof) in reverse order. In general, + `reverse(s)` should return a string of the same type and encoding as `s` with code + points in reverse order; any string type overrides `reverse` to return a different + type of string must also override `reverseind` to compute reversed indices correctly. + + * `eachindex(A, B...)` now requires that all inputs have the same number of elements. + When the chosen indexing is Cartesian, they must have the same axes. + + * `AbstractRange` objects are now considered as equal to other `AbstractArray` objects + by `==` and `isequal` if all of their elements are equal ([#16401]). + This has required changing the hashing algorithm: ranges now use an O(N) fallback + instead of a O(1) specialized method unless they define the `Base.RangeStepStyle` + trait; see its documentation for details. Types which support subtraction (operator + `-`) must now implement `widen` for hashing to work inside heterogeneous arrays. + + * `findn(x::AbstractArray)` has been deprecated in favor of `findall(!iszero, x)`, which + now returns cartesian indices for multidimensional arrays (see below, [#25532]). + + * Broadcasting operations are no longer fused into a single operation by Julia's parser. + Instead, a lazy `Broadcasted` object is created to represent the fused expression and + then realized with `copy(bc::Broadcasted)` or `copyto!(dest, bc::Broadcasted)` + to evaluate the wrapper. Consequently, package authors generally need to specialize + `copy` and `copyto!` methods rather than `broadcast` and `broadcast!`. This also allows + for more customization and control of fused broadcasts. See the + [Interfaces chapter](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/interfaces/#man-interfaces-broadcasting-1) + for more information. + + * `find` has been renamed to `findall`. `findall`, `findfirst`, `findlast`, `findnext` + now take and/or return the same type of indices as `keys`/`pairs` for `AbstractArray`, + `AbstractDict`, `AbstractString`, `Tuple` and `NamedTuple` objects ([#24774], [#25545]). + In particular, this means that they use `CartesianIndex` objects for matrices + and higher-dimensional arrays instead of linear indices as was previously the case. + Use `LinearIndices(a)[findall(f, a)]` and similar constructs to compute linear indices. + + * The `find*` functions, i.e. `findnext`, `findprev`, `findfirst`, + and `findlast`, as well as `indexin`, now return `nothing` when no match is found rather + than `0` or `0:-1` ([#25472], [#25662], [#26149]) + + * The `Base.HasShape` iterator trait has gained a type parameter `N` indicating the + number of dimensions, which must correspond to the length of the tuple returned by + `size` ([#25655]). + + * `AbstractSet` objects are now considered equal by `==` and `isequal` if all of their + elements are equal ([#25368]). This has required changing the hashing algorithm + for `BitSet`. + + * the default behavior of `titlecase` is changed in two ways ([#23393]): + + characters not starting a word are converted to lowercase; + a new keyword argument `strict` is added which + allows to get the old behavior when it's `false`. + + any non-letter character is considered as a word separator; + to get the old behavior (only "space" characters are considered as + word separators), use the keyword `wordsep=isspace`. + + * `writedlm` in the standard library module DelimitedFiles now writes numeric values + using `print` rather than `print_shortest` ([#25745]). + + * The `tempname` function used to create a file on Windows but not on other + platforms. It now never creates a file ([#9053]). + + * The `fieldnames` and `propertynames` functions now return a tuple rather than + an array ([#25725]). + + * `indexin` now returns the first rather than the last matching index ([#25998]). + + * `parse(::Type, ::Char)` now uses a default base of 10, like other number parsing + methods, instead of 36 ([#26576]). + + * `isequal` for `Ptr`s now compares element types; `==` still compares only addresses + ([#26858]). + + * `widen` on 8- and 16-bit integer types now widens to 16- and 32-bit types, respectively. ([#28045]). + + * `mv`,`cp`, `touch`, `mkdir`, `mkpath`, `chmod` and `chown` now return the path that was created/modified + rather than `nothing` ([#27071]). + + * Regular expressions now default to UCP mode. Escape sequences such as `\w` + will now match based on unicode character properties, e.g. `r"\w+"` will + match `café` (not just `caf`). Add the `a` modifier (e.g. `r"\w+"a`) to + restore the previous behavior ([#27189]). + + * `@sync` now waits only for *lexically* enclosed (i.e. visible directly in the source + text of its argument) `@async` expressions. If you need to wait for a task created by + a called function `f`, have `f` return the task and put `@async wait(f(...))` within + the `@sync` block. + This change makes `@schedule` redundant with `@async`, so `@schedule` has been + deprecated ([#27164]). + + * `norm(A::AbstractMatrix, p=2)` computes no longer the operator/matrix norm but the `norm` of `A` + as for other iterables, i.e. as if it were a vector. Especially, `norm(A::AbstractMatrix)` is the + Frobenius norm. To compute the operator/matrix norm, use the new function `opnorm` ([#27401]). + + * `dot(u, v)` now acts recursively. Instead of `sum(u[i]' * v[i] for i in ...)`, it computes + `sum(dot(u[i], v[i]) for i in ...)`, similarly to `vecdot` before ([#27401]). + + * `Sys.CPU_CORES` has been renamed to `Sys.CPU_THREADS`; it still gives the number + of "logical cores" (including hyperthreading) rather than the number of physical + cores present on the CPU. Similarly, the environment variable `JULIA_CPU_CORES` is + deprecated in favor of `JULIA_CPU_THREADS` ([#27856]). + + * `WeakKeyDict` does not convert keys on insertion anymore (#24941). + +Library improvements +-------------------- + + * The function `thisind(s::AbstractString, i::Integer)` returns the largest valid index + less or equal than `i` in the string `s` or `0` if no such index exists ([#24414]). + + * Support for Unicode 11 ([#28266]). + + * `Char` is now a subtype of `AbstractChar`, and most of the functions that + take character arguments now accept any `AbstractChar` ([#26286]). + + * `pathof(module)` returns the path a module was imported from ([#28310]). + + * `bytes2hex` now accepts an optional `io` argument to output to a hexadecimal stream + without allocating a `String` first ([#27121]). + + * `String(array)` now accepts an arbitrary `AbstractVector{UInt8}`. For `Vector` + inputs, it "steals" the memory buffer, leaving them with an empty buffer which + is guaranteed not to be shared with the `String` object. For other types of vectors + (in particular immutable vectors), a copy is made and the input is not truncated ([#26093]). + + * `Irrational` is now a subtype of `AbstractIrrational` ([#24245]). + + * Introduced the `empty` function, the functional pair to `empty!` which returns a new, + empty container ([#24390]). + + * Jump to first/last history entries in the REPL via "Alt-<" and "Alt->" ([#22829]). + + * REPL LaTeX-like tab completions have been simplified for several Unicode characters, + e.g. `𝔸` is now `\bbA` rather than `\BbbA` ([#25980]). + + * The function `chop` now accepts two arguments `head` and `tail` allowing to specify + number of characters to remove from the head and tail of the string ([#24126]). + + * `get(io, :color, false)` can now be used to query whether a stream `io` supports + [ANSI color codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code) ([#25067]), + rather than using the undocumented `Base.have_color` global flag. + + * `print_with_color` has been deprecated in favor of + `printstyled([io], xs...; bold=false, color=:normal)` for printing styled text ([#25522]). + + * Functions `first` and `last` now accept `nchar` argument for `AbstractString`. + If this argument is used they return a string consisting of first/last `nchar` + characters from the original string ([#23960]). + + * Expressions `x^-n` where `n` is an *integer literal* now correspond to `inv(x)^n`. + For example, `x^-1` is now essentially a synonym for `inv(x)`, and works + in a type-stable way even if `typeof(x) != typeof(inv(x))` ([#24240]). + + * New `Iterators.reverse(itr)` for reverse-order iteration ([#24187]). Iterator + types `T` can implement `start` etc. for `Iterators.Reverse{T}` to support this. + + * The functions `nextind` and `prevind` now accept `nchar` argument that indicates + the number of characters to move ([#23805]). + + * The functions `strip`, `lstrip` and `rstrip` now return `SubString` ([#22496]). + + * The functions `strwidth` and `charwidth` have been merged into `textwidth`([#20816]). + + * The functions `base` and `digits` digits now accept a negative + base (like `ndigits` did) ([#21692]). + + * The function `randn` now accepts complex arguments (`Complex{T <: AbstractFloat}`) + ([#21973]). + + * `parse(Complex{T}, string)` can parse complex numbers in some common formats ([#24713]). + + * The function `rand` can now pick up random elements from strings, associatives + and sets ([#22228], [#21960], [#18155], [#22224]). + + * It's now possible to specify the characters to pick from in the `randstring` function ([#22222]). + + * Allow multidimensional arrays in `shuffle` and `shuffle!` functions ([#22226]). + + * Method lists are now printed as a numbered list. In addition, the source code of a + method can be opened in an editor by entering the corresponding number in the REPL + and pressing `^Q` ([#22007]). + + * `getpeername` on a `TCPSocket` returns the address and port of the remote + endpoint of the TCP connection ([#21825]). + + * `resize!` and `sizehint!` methods no longer over-reserve memory when the + requested array size is more than double of its current size ([#22038]). + + * The `crc32c` function for CRC-32c checksums is now exported ([#22274]). + + * `eye(::Type{Diagonal{T}}, m::Integer)` has been deprecated in favor of + `Diagonal{T}(I, m)` ([#24413]). + + * The output of `versioninfo` is now controlled with keyword arguments ([#21974]). + + * The function `LibGit2.set_remote_url` now always sets both the fetch and push URLs for a + git repo. Additionally, the argument order was changed to be consistent with the git + command line tool ([#22062]). + + * Added `unique!` which is an inplace version of `unique` ([#20549]). + + * `@test isequal(x, y)` and `@test isapprox(x, y)` now prints an evaluated expression when + the test fails ([#22296]). + + * Uses of `Val{c}` in `Base` has been replaced with `Val{c}()`, which is now easily + accessible via the efficient constructor `Val(c)`. Functions are defined as + `f(::Val{c}) = ...` and called by `f(Val(c))`. Notable affected functions include: + `ntuple`, `Base.literal_pow`, `sqrtm`, `lufact`, `lufact!`, `qrfact`, `qrfact!`, + `cholfact`, `cholfact!`, `_broadcast!`, `reshape`, `cat` and `cat_t`. + + * A new `@macroexpand1` macro for non recursive macro expansion ([#21662]). + + * `Char`s can now be concatenated with `String`s and/or other `Char`s using `*` ([#22532]). + + * `Diagonal`, `Bidiagonal`, `Tridiagonal` and `SymTridiagonal` are now parameterized on + the type of the wrapped vectors, allowing `Diagonal`, `Bidiagonal`, `Tridiagonal` and + `SymTridiagonal` matrices with arbitrary `AbstractVector`s + ([#22718], [#22925], [#23035], [#23154]). + + * Mutating versions of `randperm` and `randcycle` have been added: + `randperm!` and `randcycle!` ([#22723]). + + * `BigFloat` random numbers can now be generated ([#22720]). + + * The efficiency of random generation for MersenneTwister RNGs has been improved for + integers, `Float64` and ranges; as a result, given a seed, the produced stream of numbers + has changed ([#27560], [#25277], [#25197], [#25058], [#25047]). + + * REPL Undo via Ctrl-/ and Ctrl-_ + + * `diagm` now accepts several diagonal index/vector `Pair`s ([#24047]). + + * `isequal`, `==`, and `in` have one argument "curried" forms. For example `isequal(x)` + returns a function that compares its argument to `x` using `isequal` ([#26436]). + + * `reinterpret` now works on any AbstractArray using the new `ReinterpretArray` type. + This supersedes the old behavior of reinterpret on Arrays. As a result, reinterpreting + arrays with different alignment requirements (removed in 0.6) is once again allowed ([#23750]). + + * The `keys` of an `Associative` are now an `AbstractSet`. `Base.KeyIterator{<:Associative}` + has been changed to `KeySet{K, <:Associative{K}} <: AbstractSet{K}` ([#24580]). + + * New function `ncodeunits(s::AbstractString)` gives the number of code units in a string. + The generic definition is constant time but calls `lastindex(s)` which may be inefficient. + Therefore custom string types may want to define direct `ncodeunits` methods. + + * `reverseind(s::AbstractString, i::Integer)` now has an efficient generic fallback, so + custom string types do not need to provide their own efficient definitions. The generic + definition relies on `ncodeunits` however, so for optimal performance you may need to + define a custom method for that function. + + * The global RNG is being re-seeded with its own seed at the beginning of each `@testset`, + and have its original state restored at the end ([#24445]). This is breaking for testsets + relying implicitly on the global RNG being in a specific state. + + * `permutedims(m::AbstractMatrix)` is now short for `permutedims(m, (2,1))`, and is now a + more convenient way of making a "shallow transpose" of a 2D array. This is the + recommended approach for manipulating arrays of data, rather than the recursively + defined, linear-algebra function `transpose`. Similarly, + `permutedims(v::AbstractVector)` will create a row matrix ([#24839]). + + * A new `replace(A, old=>new)` function is introduced to replace `old` by `new` in + collection `A`. There is also another method with a different API, and + a mutating variant, `replace!` ([#22324], [#25697], [#26206], [#27944]). + + * Adding integers to `CartesianIndex` objects is now deprecated. Instead of + `i::Int + x::CartesianIndex`, use `i*one(x) + x` ([#26284]). + + * `CartesianRange` changes ([#24715]): + - Inherits from `AbstractArray`, and linear indexing can be used to provide + linear-to-cartesian conversion ([#24715]) + - It has a new constructor taking an array + + * several missing set-like operations have been added ([#23528]): + `union`, `intersect`, `symdiff`, `setdiff` are now implemented for + all collections with arbitrary many arguments, as well as the + mutating counterparts (`union!` etc.). The performance is also + much better in many cases. Note that this change is slightly + breaking: all the non-mutating functions always return a new + object even if only one argument is passed. Moreover the semantics + of `intersect` and `symdiff` is changed for vectors: + + `intersect` doesn't preserve the multiplicity anymore (use `filter` for + the old behavior) + + `symdiff` has been made consistent with the corresponding methods for + other containers, by taking the multiplicity of the arguments into account. + Use `unique` to get the old behavior. + + * The `linearindices` function has been deprecated in favor of the new + `LinearIndices` type, which additionally provides conversion from + cartesian indices to linear indices using the normal indexing operation. + ([#24715], [#26775]). + + * `IdDict{K,V}` replaces `ObjectIdDict`. It has type parameters + like other `AbstractDict` subtypes and its constructors mirror the + ones of `Dict`. ([#25210]) + + * `IOBuffer` can take the `sizehint` keyword argument to suggest a capacity of + the buffer ([#25944]). + + * `lstrip` and `rstrip` now accept a predicate function that defaults to `isspace` + ([#27309]). + + * `trunc`, `floor`, `ceil`, and `round` specify `digits`, `sigdigits` and `base` using + keyword arguments. ([#26156], [#26670]) + + * `Sys.which()` provides a cross-platform method to find executable files, similar to + the Unix `which` command. ([#26559]) + + * Added an optimized method of `vecdot` for taking the Frobenius inner product + of sparse matrices. ([#27470]) + + * Added an optimized method of `kron` for taking the tensor product of two + `Diagonal` matrices. ([27581]) + + * An official API for extending `rand` is now defined ([#23964], [#25002]). + + * The constructor `MersenneTwister()` is re-enabled, producing a randomly initialized RNG + (similar to `Random.seed!(MersenneTwister(0))`) ([#21909]). + + * `BitSet` can now store any `Int` (instead of only positive ones) ([#25029]). + + * The initial element `v0` in `reduce(op, v0, itr)` has been replaced with an `init` + optional keyword argument, as in `reduce(op, itr; init=v0)`. Similarly for `foldl`, + `foldr`, `mapreduce`, `mapfoldl`, `mapfoldr`, `accumulate` and `accumulate!`. + ([#27711], [#27859]) + +Compiler/Runtime improvements +----------------------------- + + * The inlining heuristic now models the approximate runtime cost of + a method (using some strongly-simplifying assumptions). Functions + are inlined unless their estimated runtime cost substantially + exceeds the cost of setting up and issuing a subroutine + call. ([#22210], [#22732]) + + * Inference recursion-detection heuristics are now more precise, + allowing them to be triggered less often, but being more aggressive when they + are triggered to drive the inference computation to a solution ([#23912]). + + * Inference now propagates constants inter-procedurally, and can compute + various constants expressions at compile-time ([#24362]). + + * The LLVM SLP Vectorizer optimization pass is now enabled at the default + optimization level. + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + + * The `JULIA_HOME` environment variable has been renamed to `JULIA_BINDIR` and + `Base.JULIA_HOME` has been moved to `Sys.BINDIR` ([#20899]). + + * The keyword `immutable` is fully deprecated to `struct`, and + `type` is fully deprecated to `mutable struct` ([#19157], [#20418]). + + * `lufact`, `schurfact`, `lqfact`, `qrfact`, `ldltfact`, `svdfact`, + `bkfact`, `hessfact`, `eigfact`, and `cholfact` have respectively been + deprecated to `lu`, `schur`, `lq`, `qr`, `ldlt`, `svd`, `bunchkaufman`, + `hessenberg`, `eigen`, and `cholesky` ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `lufact!`, `schurfact!`, `lqfact!`, `qrfact!`, `ldltfact!`, `svdfact!`, + `bkfact!`, `hessfact!`, and `eigfact!` have respectively been deprecated to + `lu!`, `schur!`, `lq!`, `qr!`, `ldlt!`, `svd!`, `bunchkaufman!`, + `hessenberg!`, and `eigen!` ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `eig(A[, args...])` has been deprecated in favor of `eigen(A[, args...])`. + Whereas the former returns a tuple of arrays, the latter returns an `Eigen` object. + So for a direct replacement, use `(eigen(A[, args...])...,)`. But going forward, + consider using the direct result of `eigen(A[, args...])` instead, either + destructured into its components (`vals, vecs = eigen(A[, args...])`) or + as an `Eigen` object (`X = eigen(A[, args...])`) ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `eig(A::AbstractMatrix, B::AbstractMatrix)` and `eig(A::Number, B::Number)` + have been deprecated in favor of `eigen(A, B)`. Whereas the former each return + a tuple of arrays, the latter returns a `GeneralizedEigen` object. So for a direct + replacement, use `(eigen(A, B)...,)`. But going forward, consider using the + direct result of `eigen(A, B)` instead, either destructured into its components + (`vals, vecs = eigen(A, B)`), or as a `GeneralizedEigen` object + (`X = eigen(A, B)`) ([#26997], [#27159], [#27212]). + + * `ordschur(T::StridedMatrix{Ty}, Z::StridedMatrix{Ty}, select::Union{Vector{Bool},BitVector})` + and `ordschur(S::StridedMatrix{Ty}, T::StridedMatrix{Ty}, Q::StridedMatrix{Ty}, + Z::StridedMatrix{Ty}, select::Union{Vector{Bool},BitVector})` and their respective + inplace versions have been deprecated. + Use `ordschur(schur::Schur, select::Union{Vector{Bool},BitVector})` and + `ordschur(gschur::GeneralizedSchur, select::Union{Vector{Bool},BitVector})` instead + ([#28155]). + + * Indexing into multidimensional arrays with more than one index but fewer indices than there are + dimensions is no longer permitted when those trailing dimensions have lengths greater than 1. + Instead, reshape the array or add trailing indices so the dimensionality and number of indices + match ([#14770], [#23628]). + + * The use of a positional dimension argument has largely been deprecated in favor of a + `dims` keyword argument. This includes the functions `sum`, `prod`, `maximum`, + `minimum`, `all`, `any`, `findmax`, `findmin`, `mean`, `varm`, `std`, `var`, `cov`, + `cor`, `median`, `mapreducedim`, `reducedim`, `sort`, `accumulate`, `accumulate!`, + `cumsum`, `cumsum!`, `cumprod`, `cumprod!`, `flipdim`, `dropdims`, and `cat` ([#25501], [#26660], [#27100]). + + * `indices(a)` and `indices(a,d)` have been deprecated in favor of `axes(a)` and + `axes(a, d)` ([#25057]). + + * `EnvHash` has been renamed to `EnvDict` ([#24167]). + + * Uninitialized `Array` constructors of the form + `Array[{T,N}](shape...)` have been deprecated in favor of equivalents + accepting `undef` (an alias for `UndefInitializer()`) as their first argument, + as in `Array[{T,N}](undef, shape...)`. For example, + `Vector(3)` is now `Vector(undef, 3)`, `Matrix{Int}((2, 4))` is now, + `Matrix{Int}(undef, (2, 4))`, and `Array{Float32,3}(11, 13, 17)` is now + `Array{Float32,3}(undef, 11, 13, 17)` ([#24781]). + + * Previously `setindex!(A, x, I...)` (and the syntax `A[I...] = x`) supported two + different modes of operation when supplied with a set of non-scalar indices `I` + (e.g., at least one index is an `AbstractArray`) depending upon the value of `x` + on the right hand side. If `x` is an `AbstractArray`, its _contents_ are copied + elementwise into the locations in `A` selected by `I` and it must have the same + number of elements as `I` selects locations. Otherwise, if `x` is not an + `AbstractArray`, then its _value_ is implicitly broadcast to all locations to + all locations in `A` selected by `I`. This latter behavior—implicitly broadcasting + "scalar"-like values across many locations—is now deprecated in favor of explicitly + using the broadcasted assignment syntax `A[I...] .= x` or `fill!(view(A, I...), x)` + ([#26347]). + + * `broadcast_getindex(A, I...)` and `broadcast_setindex!(A, v, I...)` are deprecated in + favor of `getindex.((A,), I...)` and `setindex!.((A,), v, I...)`, respectively ([#27075]). + + * `LinAlg.fillslots!` has been renamed `LinAlg.fillstored!` ([#25030]). + + * `fill!(A::Diagonal, x)` and `fill!(A::AbstractTriangular, x)` have been deprecated + in favor of `Base.LinAlg.fillstored!(A, x)` ([#24413]). + + * `eye` has been deprecated in favor of `I` and `Matrix` constructors. Please see the + deprecation warnings for replacement details ([#24438]). + + * `zeros(D::Diagonal[, opts...])` has been deprecated ([#24654]). + + * Using Bool values directly as indices is now deprecated and will be an error in the future. Convert + them to `Int` before indexing if you intend to access index `1` for `true` and `0` for `false`. + + * `slicedim(A, d, i)` has been deprecated in favor of `copy(selectdim(A, d, i))`. The new + `selectdim` function now always returns a view into `A`; in many cases the `copy` is + not necessary. Previously, `slicedim` on a vector `V` over dimension `d=1` and scalar + index `i` would return the just selected element (unless `V` was a `BitVector`). This + has now been made consistent: `selectdim` now always returns a view into the original + array, with a zero-dimensional view in this specific case ([#26009]). + + * `whos` has been renamed `varinfo`, and now returns a markdown table instead of printing + output ([#12131]). + + * Uninitialized `RowVector` constructors of the form `RowVector{T}(shape...)` have been + deprecated in favor of equivalents accepting `undef` (an alias for + `UndefInitializer()`) as their first argument, as in + `RowVector{T}(undef, shape...)`. For example, `RowVector{Int}(3)` is now + `RowVector{Int}(undef, 3)`, and `RowVector{Float32}((1, 4))` is now + `RowVector{Float32}(undef, (1, 4))` ([#24786]). + + * `writecsv(io, a; opts...)` has been deprecated in favor of + `writedlm(io, a, ','; opts...)` ([#23529]). + + * The method `srand(rng, filename, n=4)` has been deprecated ([#21359]). + + * `readcsv(io[, T::Type]; opts...)` has been deprecated in favor of + `readdlm(io, ','[, T]; opts...)` ([#23530]). + + * `sparse(s::UniformScaling, m::Integer)` has been deprecated in favor of the + three-argument equivalent `sparse(s::UniformScaling, m, n)` ([#24472]). + + * The `cholfact`/`cholfact!` methods that accepted an `uplo` symbol have been deprecated + in favor of using `Hermitian` (or `Symmetric`) views ([#22187], [#22188]). + + * The `thin` keyword argument for orthogonal decomposition methods has + been deprecated in favor of `full`, which has the opposite meaning: + `thin == true` if and only if `full == false` ([#24279]). + + * `isposdef(A::AbstractMatrix, UL::Symbol)` and `isposdef!(A::AbstractMatrix, UL::Symbol)` + have been deprecated in favor of `isposdef(Hermitian(A, UL))` and `isposdef!(Hermitian(A, UL))` + respectively ([#22245]). + + * The `bkfact`/`bkfact!` methods that accepted `uplo` and `issymmetric` symbols have been deprecated + in favor of using `Hermitian` (or `Symmetric`) views ([#22605]). + + * The function `current_module` is deprecated and replaced with `@__MODULE__`. + This caused the deprecation of some reflection methods (such as `macroexpand` and + `isconst`), which now require a module argument. And it caused the bugfix of other + default arguments to use the Main module (including `whos`, `which`) ([#22064]). + + * `expand(ex)` and `expand(module, ex)` have been deprecated in favor of + `Meta.lower(module, ex)` ([#22064], [#24278]). + + * `ones(A::AbstractArray[, opts...])` and `zeros(A::AbstractArray[, opts...])` methods + have been deprecated. For `zeros(A)`, consider `zero(A)`. For `ones(A)` or `zeros(A)`, + consider `ones(size(A))`, `zeros(size(A))`, `fill(v, size(A))` for `v` an appropriate + one or zero, `fill!(copy(A), {1|0})`, `fill!(similar(A), {1|0})`, or any of the preceding + with different element type and/or shape depending on `opts...`. Where strictly + necessary, consider `fill!(similar(A[, opts...]), {one(eltype(A)) | zero(eltype(A))})`. + For an algebraic multiplicative identity, consider `one(A)` ([#24656]). + + * The `similar(dims->f(..., dims...), [T], axes...)` method to add offset array support + to a function `f` that would otherwise create a non-offset array has been deprecated. + Instead, call `f(..., axes...)` directly and, if needed, the offset array implementation + should add offset axis support to the function `f` directly ([#26733]). + + * The functions `ones` and `zeros` used to accept any objects as dimensional arguments, + implicitly converting them to `Int`s. This is now deprecated; only `Integer`s or + `AbstractUnitRange`s are accepted as arguments. Instead, convert the arguments before + calling `ones` or `zeros` ([#26733]). + + * The variadic `size(A, dim1, dim2, dims...)` method to return a tuple of multiple + dimension lengths of `A` has been deprecated ([#26862]). + + * The `Operators` module is deprecated. Instead, import required operators explicitly + from `Base`, e.g. `import Base: +, -, *, /` ([#22251]). + + * Bindings to the FFTW library have been removed from Base. The DFT framework for building FFT + implementations is now in AbstractFFTs.jl, the bindings to the FFTW library are in FFTW.jl, + and the Base signal processing functions which used FFTs are now in DSP.jl ([#21956]). + + * The `corrected` positional argument to `cov` has been deprecated in favor of + a keyword argument with the same name ([#21709]). + + * Omitting spaces around the `?` and the `:` tokens in a ternary expression has been deprecated. + Ternaries must now include some amount of whitespace, e.g. `x ? a : b` rather than + `x?a:b` ([#22523] and [#22712]). + + * `?` can no longer be used as an identifier name ([#22712]) + + * The method `replace(s::AbstractString, pat, r, [count])` is deprecated + in favor of `replace(s::AbstractString, pat => r; [count])` ([#25165]). + Moreover, `count` cannot be negative anymore (use `typemax(Int)` instead ([#22325]). + + * `read(io, type, dims)` is deprecated to `read!(io, Array{type}(undef, dims))` ([#21450]). + + * `read(::IO, ::Ref)` is now a method of `read!`, since it mutates its `Ref` argument ([#21592]). + + * `nb_available` is now `bytesavailable` ([#25634]). + + * `skipchars(io::IO, predicate; linecomment=nothing)` is deprecated in favor of + `skipchars(predicate, io::IO; linecomment=nothing)` ([#25667]). + + * `Bidiagonal` constructors now use a `Symbol` (`:U` or `:L`) for the upper/lower + argument, instead of a `Bool` or a `Char` ([#22703]). + + * `Bidiagonal`, `Tridiagonal` and `SymTridiagonal` constructors that automatically + converted the input vectors to the same type are deprecated in favor of explicit + conversion ([#22925], [#23035], [#23154]. + + * Calling `nfields` on a type to find out how many fields its instances have is deprecated. + Use `fieldcount` instead. Use `nfields` only to get the number of fields in a specific object ([#22350]). + + * `fieldnames` now operates only on types. To get the names of fields in an object, use + `fieldnames(typeof(x))` ([#22350]). + + * `InexactError`, `DomainError`, and `OverflowError` now take + arguments. `InexactError(func::Symbol, type, -3)` now prints as + "ERROR: InexactError: func(type, -3)", `DomainError(val, + [msg])` prints as "ERROR: DomainError with val:\nmsg", + and `OverflowError(msg)` prints as "ERROR: OverflowError: msg". + ([#20005], [#22751], [#22761]) + + * The operating system identification functions: `is_linux`, `is_bsd`, `is_apple`, `is_unix`, + and `is_windows`, have been deprecated in favor of `Sys.islinux`, `Sys.isbsd`, `Sys.isapple`, + `Sys.isunix`, and `Sys.iswindows`, respectively ([#22182]). + + * The forms of `read`, `readstring`, and `eachline` that accepted both a `Cmd` object and an + input stream are deprecated. Use e.g. `read(pipeline(stdin, cmd))` instead ([#22762]). + + * The unexported type `AbstractIOBuffer` has been renamed to `GenericIOBuffer` ([#17360] [#22796]). + + * `IOBuffer(data::AbstractVector{UInt8}, read::Bool, write::Bool, maxsize::Integer)`, + `IOBuffer(read::Bool, write::Bool)`, and `IOBuffer(maxsize::Integer)` are + deprecated in favor of constructors taking keyword arguments ([#25872]). + + * `Display` has been renamed to `AbstractDisplay` ([#24831]). + + * Remaining vectorized methods over `SparseVector`s, particularly `floor`, `ceil`, + `trunc`, `round`, and most common transcendental functions such as `exp`, `log`, and + `sin` variants, have been deprecated in favor of dot-syntax ([#22961]). + + * The method `String(io::IOBuffer)` is deprecated to `String(take!(copy(io)))` ([#21438]). + + * The function `readstring` is deprecated in favor of `read(io, String)` ([#22793]) + + * The function `showall` is deprecated. Showing entire values is the default, unless an + `IOContext` specifying `:limit=>true` is in use ([#22847]). + + * `issubtype` has been deprecated in favor of `<:` (which used to be an alias for `issubtype`). + + * Calling `write` on non-isbits arrays is deprecated in favor of explicit loops or + `serialize` ([#6466]). + + * The default `startup.jl` file on Windows has been removed. Now must explicitly include the + full path if you need access to executables or libraries in the `Sys.BINDIR` directory, e.g. + `joinpath(Sys.BINDIR, "7z.exe")` for `7z.exe` ([#21540]). + + * `sqrtm` has been deprecated in favor of `sqrt` ([#23504]). + + * `expm` has been deprecated in favor of `exp` ([#23233]). + + * `logm` has been deprecated in favor of `log` ([#23505]). + + * `full` has been deprecated in favor of more specific, better defined alternatives. + On structured matrices `A`, consider instead `Matrix(A)`, `Array(A)`, + `SparseMatrixCSC(A)`, or `sparse(A)`. On sparse arrays `S`, consider instead + `Vector(S)`, `Matrix(S)`, or `Array(S)` as appropriate. On factorizations `F`, + consider instead `Matrix(F)`, `Array(F)`, `AbstractMatrix(F)`, or `AbstractArray(F)`. + On implicit orthogonal factors `Q`, consider instead `Matrix(Q)` or `Array(Q)`; for + implicit orthogonal factors that can be recovered in square or truncated form, + see the deprecation message for square recovery instructions. On `Symmetric`, + `Hermitian`, or `AbstractTriangular` matrices `A`, consider instead `Matrix(S)`, + `Array(S)`, `SparseMatrixCSC(S)`, or `sparse(S)`. On `Symmetric` matrices `A` + particularly, consider instead `LinAlg.copytri!(copy(parent(A)), A.uplo)`. On + `Hermitian` matrices `A` particularly, consider instead + `LinAlg.copytri!(copy(parent(A)), A.uplo, true)`. On `UpperTriangular` matrices `A` + particularly, consider instead `triu!(copy(parent(A)))`. On `LowerTriangular` matrices + `A` particularly, consider instead `tril!(copy(parent(A)))` ([#24250]). + + * `speye` has been deprecated in favor of `I`, `sparse`, and `SparseMatrixCSC` + constructor methods ([#24356]). + + * Calling `union` with no arguments is deprecated; construct an empty set with an appropriate + element type using `Set{T}()` instead ([#23144]). + + * Vectorized `DateTime`, `Date`, and `format` methods have been deprecated in favor of + dot-syntax ([#23207]). + + * `Base.cpad` has been removed; use an appropriate combination of `rpad` and `lpad` + instead ([#23187]). + + * `ctranspose` and `ctranspose!` have been deprecated in favor of `adjoint` and `adjoint!`, + respectively ([#23235]). + + * `filter` and `filter!` on dictionaries now pass a single `key=>value` pair to the + argument function, instead of two arguments ([#17886]). + + * `rol`, `rol!`, `ror`, and `ror!` have been deprecated in favor of specialized methods for + `circshift`/`circshift!` ([#23404]). + + * `Base.SparseArrays.SpDiagIterator` has been removed ([#23261]). + + * The function `cfunction`, has been deprecated in favor of a macro form `@cfunction`. + Most existing uses can be upgraded simply by adding a `@`. + The new syntax now additionally supports allocating closures at runtime, + for dealing with C APIs that don't provide a separate `void* env`-type callback + argument. ([#26486]) + + * `diagm(v::AbstractVector, k::Integer=0)` has been deprecated in favor of + `diagm(k => v)` ([#24047]). + + * `diagm(x::Number)` has been deprecated in favor of `fill(x, 1, 1)` ([#24047]). + + * `diagm(A::SparseMatrixCSC)` has been deprecated in favor of + `spdiagm(sparsevec(A))` ([#23341]). + + * `diagm(A::BitMatrix)` has been deprecated, use `diagm(0 => vec(A))` or + `BitMatrix(Diagonal(vec(A)))` instead ([#23373], [#24047]). + + * `ℯ` (written as `\mscre` or `\euler`) is now the only (by default) exported + name for Euler's number, and the type has changed from `Irrational{:e}` to + `Irrational{:ℯ}` ([#23427]). + + * The mathematical constants `π`, `pi`, `ℯ`, `e`, `γ`, `eulergamma`, `catalan`, `φ` and + `golden` have been moved from `Base` to a new module; `Base.MathConstants`. + Only `π`, `pi` and `ℯ` are now exported by default from `Base` ([#23427]). + + * `eu` (previously an alias for `ℯ`) has been deprecated in favor of `ℯ` (or `MathConstants.e`) ([#23427]). + + * `GMP.gmp_version()`, `GMP.GMP_VERSION`, `GMP.gmp_bits_per_limb()`, and `GMP.GMP_BITS_PER_LIMB` + have been renamed to `GMP.version()`, `GMP.VERSION`, `GMP.bits_per_limb()`, and `GMP.BITS_PER_LIMB`, + respectively. Similarly, `MPFR.get_version()`, has been renamed to `MPFR.version()` ([#23323]). Also, + `LinAlg.LAPACK.laver()` has been renamed to `LinAlg.LAPACK.version()` and now returns a `VersionNumber`. + + * `select`, `select!`, `selectperm` and `selectperm!` have been renamed respectively to + `partialsort`, `partialsort!`, `partialsortperm` and `partialsortperm!` ([#23051]). + + * The `Range` abstract type has been renamed to `AbstractRange` ([#23570]). + + * `map` on dictionaries previously operated on `key=>value` pairs. This behavior is deprecated, + and in the future `map` will operate only on values ([#5794]). + + * `map` on sets previously returned a `Set`, possibly changing the order or number of elements. This + behavior is deprecated and in the future `map` will preserve order and number of elements ([#26980]). + + * Previously, broadcast defaulted to treating its arguments as scalars if they were not + arrays. This behavior is deprecated, and in the future `broadcast` will default to + iterating over all its arguments. Wrap arguments you wish to be treated as scalars with + `Ref()` or a 1-tuple. Package developers can choose to allow a non-iterable type `T` to + always behave as a scalar by implementing `broadcastable(x::T) = Ref(x)` ([#26212]). + + * Automatically broadcasted `+` and `-` for `array + scalar`, `scalar - array`, and so-on have + been deprecated due to inconsistency with linear algebra. Use `.+` and `.-` for these operations + instead ([#22880], [#22932]). + + * `flipbits!(B)` is deprecated in favor of using in-place broadcast to negate each element: + `B .= .!B` ([#27067]). + + * `isleaftype` is deprecated in favor of the simpler predicates `isconcretetype` and `isdispatchtuple`. + Concrete types are those that might equal `typeof(x)` for some `x`; + `isleaftype` included some types for which this is not true. Those are now categorized more precisely + as "dispatch tuple types" and "!has_free_typevars" (not exported). ([#17086], [#25496]) + + * `contains(eq, itr, item)` is deprecated in favor of `any` with a predicate ([#23716]). + + * `spdiagm(x::AbstractVector)` has been deprecated in favor of `sparse(Diagonal(x))` + alternatively `spdiagm(0 => x)` ([#23757]). + + * `spdiagm(x::AbstractVector, d::Integer)` and `spdiagm(x::Tuple{<:AbstractVector}, d::Tuple{<:Integer})` + have been deprecated in favor of `spdiagm(d => x)` and `spdiagm(d[1] => x[1], d[2] => x[2], ...)` + respectively. The new `spdiagm` implementation now always returns a square matrix ([#23757]). + + * `spones(A::AbstractSparseArray)` has been deprecated in favor of + `LinAlg.fillstored!(copy(A), 1)` ([#25037]). + + * Constructors for `LibGit2.UserPasswordCredentials` and `LibGit2.SSHCredentials` which take a + `prompt_if_incorrect` argument are deprecated. Instead, prompting behavior is controlled using + the `allow_prompt` keyword in the `LibGit2.CredentialPayload` constructor ([#23690]). + + * `gradient` is deprecated and will be removed in the next release ([#23816]). + + * The timing functions `tic`, `toc`, and `toq` are deprecated in favor of `@time` and `@elapsed` + ([#17046]). + + * Methods of `findfirst`, `findnext`, `findlast`, and `findprev` that accept a value to + search for are deprecated in favor of passing a predicate ([#19186], [#10593]). + + * `find` functions now operate only on booleans by default. To look for non-zeros, use + `x->x!=0` or `!iszero` ([#23120]). + + * The ability of `reinterpret` to yield `Array`s of different type than the underlying storage + has been removed. The `reinterpret` function is still available, but now returns a + `ReinterpretArray`. The three argument form of `reinterpret` that implicitly reshapes + has been deprecated ([#23750]). + + * `bits` has been deprecated in favor of `bitstring` ([#24281], [#24263]). + + * `num2hex` and `hex2num` have been deprecated in favor of `reinterpret` combined with `parse`/`hex` ([#22088]). + + * `copy!` is deprecated for `AbstractSet` and `AbstractDict`, with the intention to re-enable + it with a cleaner meaning in a future version ([#24844]). + + * `copy!` (resp. `unsafe_copy!`) is deprecated for `AbstractArray` and is renamed `copyto!` + (resp. `unsafe_copyto!`); it will be re-introduced with a different meaning in a future + version ([#24808]). + + * `a:b` is deprecated for constructing a `StepRange` when `a` and `b` have physical units + (Dates and Times). Use `a:s:b`, where `s = Dates.Day(1)` or `s = Dates.Second(1)`. + + * `trues(A::AbstractArray)` and `falses(A::AbstractArray)` are deprecated in favor of + `trues(size(A))` and `falses(size(A))` respectively ([#24595]). + + * `workspace` is discontinued, check out [Revise.jl](https://github.com/timholy/Revise.jl) + for an alternative workflow ([#25046]). + + * `cumsum`, `cumprod`, `accumulate`, their mutating versions, and `diff` all now require a `dim` + argument instead of defaulting to using the first dimension unless there is only + one dimension ([#24684], [#25457]). + + * The `sum_kbn` and `cumsum_kbn` functions have been moved to the + [KahanSummation](https://github.com/JuliaMath/KahanSummation.jl) package ([#24869]). + + * `isnumber` has been renamed to `isnumeric` ([#25021]). + + * `isalpha` has been renamed to `isletter` ([#26932]). + + * `is_assigned_char` and `normalize_string` have been renamed to `isassigned` and + `normalize`, and moved to the new `Unicode` standard library module. + `graphemes` has also been moved to that module ([#25021]). + + * Sparse array functionality has moved to the `SparseArrays` standard library module ([#25249]). + + * Linear algebra functionality, and specifically the `LinAlg` module has moved to the + `LinearAlgebra` standard library module ([#25571]). + + * `@printf` and `@sprintf` have been moved to the `Printf` standard library ([#23929],[#25056]). + + * The `Libdl` module has moved to the `Libdl` standard library module ([#25459]). + + * The aliases `Complex32`, `Complex64` and `Complex128` have been deprecated in favor of `ComplexF16`, + `ComplexF32` and `ComplexF64` respectively ([#24647]). + + * `Base.parentindexes` and `SharedArrays.localindexes` have been renamed to `parentindices` + and `localindices`, respectively. Similarly, the `indexes` field in the `SubArray` type + has been renamed to `indices` without deprecation ([#25088]). + + * `Associative` has been deprecated in favor of `AbstractDict` ([#25012]). + + * `Void` has been renamed back to `Nothing` with an alias `Cvoid` for use when calling C + with a return type of `Cvoid` or a return or argument type of `Ptr{Cvoid}` ([#25162]). + + * `Nullable{T}` has been deprecated and moved to the Nullables package ([#23642]). Use + `Union{T, Nothing}` instead, or `Union{Some{T}, Nothing}` if `nothing` is a possible + value (i.e. `Nothing <: T`). `isnull(x)` can be replaced with `x === nothing` and + `unsafe_get`/`get` can be dropped or replaced with `coalesce`. + `NullException` has been removed. + + * `unshift!` and `shift!` have been renamed to `pushfirst!` and `popfirst!` ([#23902]) + + * `ipermute!` has been deprecated in favor of `invpermute!` ([#25168]). + + * `CartesianRange` has been renamed `CartesianIndices` ([#24715]). + + * `sub2ind` and `ind2sub` are deprecated in favor of using `CartesianIndices` and `LinearIndices` ([#24715]). + + * `getindex(F::Factorization, s::Symbol)` (usually seen as e.g. `F[:Q]`) is deprecated + in favor of dot overloading (`getproperty`) so factors should now be accessed as e.g. + `F.Q` instead of `F[:Q]` ([#25184]). + + * `search` and `rsearch` have been deprecated in favor of `findfirst`/`findnext` and + `findlast`/`findprev` respectively, in combination with curried `isequal` and `in` + predicates for some methods ([#24673]). + + * `search(buf::IOBuffer, delim::UInt8)` has been deprecated in favor of either `occursin(delim, buf)` + (to test containment) or `readuntil(buf, delim)` (to read data up to `delim`) ([#26600]). + + * `ismatch(regex, str)` has been deprecated in favor of `contains(str, regex)` ([#24673]). + + * `matchall` has been deprecated in favor of `collect(m.match for m in eachmatch(r, s))` ([#26071]). + + * `similar(::Associative)` has been deprecated in favor of `empty(::Associative)`, and + `similar(::Associative, ::Pair{K, V})` has been deprecated in favour of + `empty(::Associative, K, V)` ([#24390]). + + * `findin(a, b)` has been deprecated in favor of `findall(in(b), a)` ([#24673]). + + * `module_name` has been deprecated in favor of a new, general `nameof` function. Similarly, + the unexported `Base.function_name` and `Base.datatype_name` have been deprecated in favor + of `nameof` methods ([#25622]). + + * The module `Random.dSFMT` is renamed `Random.DSFMT` ([#25567]). + + * `Random.RandomDevice(unlimited::Bool)` (on non-Windows systems) is deprecated in favor of + `Random.RandomDevice(; unlimited=unlimited)` ([#25668]). + + * The generic implementations of `strides(::AbstractArray)` and `stride(::AbstractArray, ::Int)` + have been deprecated. Subtypes of `AbstractArray` that implement the newly introduced strided + array interface should define their own `strides` method ([#25321]). + + * `module_parent`, `Base.datatype_module`, and `Base.function_module` have been deprecated + in favor of `parentmodule` ([#TODO]). + + * `rand(t::Tuple{Vararg{Int}})` is deprecated in favor of `rand(Float64, t)` or `rand(t...)`; + `rand(::Tuple)` will have another meaning in the future ([#25429], [#25278]). + + * `randjump`, which produced an array, is deprecated in favor of the + scalar version `Future.randjump` used with `accumulate` ([#27746]). + + * The `assert` function (and `@assert` macro) have been documented that they are not guaranteed to run under various optimization levels and should therefore not be used to e.g. verify passwords. + + * `ObjectIdDict` has been deprecated in favor of `IdDict{Any,Any}` ([#25210]). + + * `gc` and `gc_enable` have been deprecated in favor of `GC.gc` and `GC.enable` ([#25616]). + + * `Base.@gc_preserve` has been deprecated in favor of `GC.@preserve` ([#25616]). + + * `print_shortest` has been discontinued, but is still available in the `Base.Grisu` + submodule ([#25745]). + + * `scale!` has been deprecated in favor of `mul!`, `lmul!`, and `rmul!` ([#25701], [#25812]). + + * The `remove_destination` keyword argument to `cp`, `mv`, and the unexported `cptree` + has been renamed to `force` ([#25979]). + + * `contains` has been deprecated in favor of a more general `occursin` function, which + takes its arguments in reverse order from `contains` ([#26283]). + + * `Regex` objects are no longer callable. Use `occursin` instead ([#26283]). + + * The methods of `range` based on positional arguments have been deprecated in favor of + keyword arguments ([#25896]). + + * `linspace` has been deprecated in favor of `range` with `stop` and `length` keyword + arguments ([#25896]). + + * `LinSpace` has been renamed to `LinRange` ([#25896]). + + * `logspace` has been deprecated to its definition ([#25896]). + + * `endof(a)` has been renamed to `lastindex(a)`, and the `end` keyword in indexing expressions now + lowers to either `lastindex(a)` (in the case with only one index) or `lastindex(a, d)` (in cases + where there is more than one index and `end` appears at dimension `d`) ([#23554], [#25763]). + + * `DateTime()`, `Date()`, and `Time()` have been deprecated, instead use `DateTime(1)`, `Date(1)` + and `Time(0)` respectively ([#23724]). + + * The fallback method `^(x, p::Integer)` is deprecated. If your type relied on this definition, + add a method such as `^(x::MyType, p::Integer) = Base.power_by_squaring(x, p)` ([#23332]). + + * `DevNull`, `STDIN`, `STDOUT`, and `STDERR` have been renamed to `devnull`, `stdin`, `stdout`, + and `stderr`, respectively ([#25786]). + + * `wait` and `fetch` on `Task` now resemble the interface of `Future`. + + * `showcompact(io, x...)` has been deprecated in favor of + `show(IOContext(io, :compact => true), x...)` ([#26080]). + Use `sprint(show, x..., context=:compact => true)` instead of `sprint(showcompact, x...)`. + + * `isupper`, `islower`, `ucfirst` and `lcfirst` have been deprecated in favor of `isuppercase`, + `islowercase`, `uppercasefirst` and `lowercasefirst`, respectively ([#26442]). + + * `signif` has been deprecated in favor of the `sigdigits` keyword argument to `round`. + + * `Base.IntSet` has been deprecated in favor of `Base.BitSet` ([#24282]). + + * `setrounding` has been deprecated for `Float32` and `Float64`, as the behaviour was too unreliable ([#26935]). + + * `gamma`, `lgamma`, `beta`, `lbeta` and `lfact` have been moved to + [SpecialFunctions.jl](https://github.com/JuliaMath/SpecialFunctions.jl) ([#27459], [#27473]). + + * `atan2` is now a 2-argument method of `atan` ([#27248]). + + * The functions `eigs` and `svds` have been moved to the `Arpack.jl` package ([#27616]). + + * `vecdot` and `vecnorm` are deprecated in favor of `dot` and `norm`, respectively ([#27401]). + + * `clipboard` has been moved to the `InteractiveUtils` standard library package + (along with other utilities mostly used at the interactive prompt, such as `edit` + and `less`) ([#27635]). + + * `ndigits(n, b, [pad])` is deprecated in favor of `ndigits(n, base=b, pad=pad)` ([#27908]). + + * `squeeze` is deprecated in favor of `dropdims`. + + * `srand` is deprecated in favor of the unexported `Random.seed!` ([#27726]). + + * `realmin`/`realmax` are deprecated in favor of `floatmin`/`floatmax` ([#28302]). + + * `sortrows`/`sortcols` have been deprecated in favor of the more general `sortslices`. + + * `nextpow2`/`prevpow2` have been deprecated in favor of the more general `nextpow`/`prevpow` functions. + +Command-line option changes +--------------------------- + + * New option `--warn-overwrite={yes|no}` to control the warning for overwriting method + definitions. The default is `no` ([#23002]). + + * New option `--banner={yes,no}` allows suppressing or forcing the printing of the + startup banner, overriding the default behavior (banner in REPL, no banner otherwise). + The `--quiet` option implies `--banner=no` even in REPL mode but can be overridden by + passing `--quiet` together with `--banner=yes` ([#23342]). + + * The option `--precompiled` has been renamed to `--sysimage-native-code` ([#23054]). + + * The option `--compilecache` has been renamed to `--compiled-modules` ([#23054]). + + +[#330]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/330 +[#1974]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1974 +[#4916]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4916 +[#5148]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5148 +[#5794]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5794 +[#6080]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/6080 +[#6466]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/6466 +[#6614]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/6614 +[#8000]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/8000 +[#8470]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/8470 +[#9053]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/9053 +[#9292]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/9292 +[#10593]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/10593 +[#11310]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/11310 +[#12010]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/12010 +[#12131]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/12131 +[#13079]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/13079 +[#14770]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/14770 +[#15120]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/15120 +[#16356]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16356 +[#16401]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16401 +[#16937]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16937 +[#17046]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17046 +[#17086]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17086 +[#17240]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17240 +[#17360]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17360 +[#17367]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17367 +[#17886]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17886 +[#17997]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17997 +[#18155]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18155 +[#18650]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18650 +[#19089]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19089 +[#19157]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19157 +[#19186]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19186 +[#19987]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19987 +[#20005]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20005 +[#20418]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20418 +[#20549]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20549 +[#20575]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20575 +[#20816]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20816 +[#20899]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20899 +[#20912]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20912 +[#20974]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20974 +[#21359]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21359 +[#21438]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21438 +[#21450]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21450 +[#21527]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21527 +[#21540]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21540 +[#21592]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21592 +[#21662]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21662 +[#21692]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21692 +[#21697]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21697 +[#21709]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21709 +[#21746]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21746 +[#21759]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21759 +[#21774]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21774 +[#21825]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21825 +[#21909]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21909 +[#21956]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21956 +[#21960]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21960 +[#21973]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21973 +[#21974]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21974 +[#22007]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22007 +[#22038]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22038 +[#22062]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22062 +[#22064]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22064 +[#22088]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22088 +[#22089]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22089 +[#22092]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22092 +[#22182]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22182 +[#22187]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22187 +[#22188]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22188 +[#22194]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22194 +[#22210]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22210 +[#22222]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22222 +[#22224]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22224 +[#22226]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22226 +[#22228]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22228 +[#22245]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22245 +[#22251]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22251 +[#22274]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22274 +[#22281]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22281 +[#22296]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22296 +[#22314]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22314 +[#22324]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22324 +[#22325]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22325 +[#22350]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22350 +[#22390]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22390 +[#22496]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22496 +[#22511]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22511 +[#22523]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22523 +[#22532]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22532 +[#22572]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22572 +[#22588]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22588 +[#22605]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22605 +[#22666]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22666 +[#22696]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22696 +[#22703]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22703 +[#22712]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22712 +[#22718]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22718 +[#22720]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22720 +[#22723]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22723 +[#22732]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22732 +[#22742]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22742 +[#22751]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22751 +[#22761]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22761 +[#22762]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22762 +[#22789]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22789 +[#22793]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22793 +[#22796]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22796 +[#22800]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22800 +[#22801]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22801 +[#22814]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22814 +[#22825]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22825 +[#22829]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22829 +[#22847]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22847 +[#22868]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22868 +[#22880]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22880 +[#22907]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22907 +[#22925]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22925 +[#22926]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22926 +[#22932]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22932 +[#22961]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22961 +[#22984]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/22984 +[#23002]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23002 +[#23035]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23035 +[#23051]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23051 +[#23054]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23054 +[#23117]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23117 +[#23120]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23120 +[#23144]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23144 +[#23154]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23154 +[#23157]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23157 +[#23168]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23168 +[#23187]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23187 +[#23207]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23207 +[#23233]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23233 +[#23235]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23235 +[#23261]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23261 +[#23323]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23323 +[#23332]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23332 +[#23341]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23341 +[#23342]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23342 +[#23354]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23354 +[#23366]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23366 +[#23373]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23373 +[#23393]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23393 +[#23404]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23404 +[#23427]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23427 +[#23504]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23504 +[#23505]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23505 +[#23519]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23519 +[#23528]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23528 +[#23529]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23529 +[#23530]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23530 +[#23554]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23554 +[#23570]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23570 +[#23628]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23628 +[#23642]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23642 +[#23665]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23665 +[#23690]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23690 +[#23716]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23716 +[#23724]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23724 +[#23750]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23750 +[#23757]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23757 +[#23805]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23805 +[#23816]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23816 +[#23885]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23885 +[#23902]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23902 +[#23912]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23912 +[#23923]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23923 +[#23929]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23929 +[#23960]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23960 +[#23964]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/23964 +[#24047]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24047 +[#24126]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24126 +[#24153]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24153 +[#24167]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24167 +[#24187]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24187 +[#24221]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24221 +[#24240]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24240 +[#24245]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24245 +[#24250]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24250 +[#24263]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24263 +[#24278]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24278 +[#24279]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24279 +[#24281]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24281 +[#24282]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24282 +[#24320]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24320 +[#24356]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24356 +[#24362]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24362 +[#24390]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24390 +[#24396]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24396 +[#24404]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24404 +[#24413]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24413 +[#24414]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24414 +[#24438]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24438 +[#24445]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24445 +[#24452]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24452 +[#24472]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24472 +[#24490]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24490 +[#24580]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24580 +[#24595]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24595 +[#24605]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24605 +[#24647]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24647 +[#24653]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24653 +[#24654]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24654 +[#24656]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24656 +[#24673]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24673 +[#24679]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24679 +[#24684]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24684 +[#24713]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24713 +[#24715]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24715 +[#24774]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24774 +[#24781]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24781 +[#24785]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24785 +[#24786]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24786 +[#24808]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24808 +[#24831]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24831 +[#24839]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24839 +[#24844]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24844 +[#24869]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/24869 +[#25002]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25002 +[#25012]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25012 +[#25021]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25021 +[#25029]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25029 +[#25030]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25030 +[#25037]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25037 +[#25046]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25046 +[#25047]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25047 +[#25056]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25056 +[#25057]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25057 +[#25058]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25058 +[#25067]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25067 +[#25088]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25088 +[#25162]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25162 +[#25165]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25165 +[#25168]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25168 +[#25184]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25184 +[#25197]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25197 +[#25210]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25210 +[#25231]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25231 +[#25249]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25249 +[#25277]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25277 +[#25278]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25278 +[#25311]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25311 +[#25321]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25321 +[#25368]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25368 +[#25391]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25391 +[#25424]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25424 +[#25429]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25429 +[#25457]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25457 +[#25459]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25459 +[#25472]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25472 +[#25496]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25496 +[#25501]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25501 +[#25522]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25522 +[#25532]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25532 +[#25545]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25545 +[#25564]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25564 +[#25567]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25567 +[#25571]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25571 +[#25616]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25616 +[#25622]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25622 +[#25631]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25631 +[#25633]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25633 +[#25634]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25634 +[#25654]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25654 +[#25655]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25655 +[#25662]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25662 +[#25667]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25667 +[#25668]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25668 +[#25697]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25697 +[#25701]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25701 +[#25725]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25725 +[#25745]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25745 +[#25763]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25763 +[#25786]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25786 +[#25812]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25812 +[#25815]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25815 +[#25830]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25830 +[#25845]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25845 +[#25854]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25854 +[#25858]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25858 +[#25872]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25872 +[#25896]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25896 +[#25944]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25944 +[#25947]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25947 +[#25979]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25979 +[#25980]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25980 +[#25990]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25990 +[#25998]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/25998 +[#26009]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26009 +[#26071]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26071 +[#26080]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26080 +[#26093]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26093 +[#26149]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26149 +[#26154]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26154 +[#26156]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26156 +[#26161]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26161 +[#26206]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26206 +[#26212]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26212 +[#26262]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26262 +[#26283]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26283 +[#26284]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26284 +[#26286]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26286 +[#26347]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26347 +[#26436]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26436 +[#26442]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26442 +[#26486]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26486 +[#26559]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26559 +[#26576]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26576 +[#26600]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26600 +[#26660]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26660 +[#26670]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26670 +[#26733]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26733 +[#26775]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26775 +[#26858]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26858 +[#26862]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26862 +[#26932]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26932 +[#26935]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26935 +[#26980]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26980 +[#26997]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/26997 +[#27067]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27067 +[#27071]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27071 +[#27075]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27075 +[#27100]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27100 +[#27121]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27121 +[#27159]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27159 +[#27164]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27164 +[#27189]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27189 +[#27212]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27212 +[#27248]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27248 +[#27309]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27309 +[#27401]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27401 +[#27447]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27447 +[#27459]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27459 +[#27470]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27470 +[#27473]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27473 +[#27554]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27554 +[#27560]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27560 +[#27616]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27616 +[#27635]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27635 +[#27641]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27641 +[#27711]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27711 +[#27726]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27726 +[#27746]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27746 +[#27856]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27856 +[#27859]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27859 +[#27908]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27908 +[#27944]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27944 +[#28045]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/28045 +[#28065]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/28065 +[#28155]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/28155 +[#28266]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/28266 +[#28302]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/28302 + +Julia v0.6.0 Release Notes +========================== + +New language features +--------------------- + + * New type system capabilities ([#8974], [#18457]) + + + Type parameter constraints can refer to previous parameters, e.g. + `type Foo{R<:Real, A<:AbstractArray{R}}`. Can also be used in method definitions. + + + New syntax `Array{T} where T<:Integer`, indicating a union of types over all + specified values of `T` (represented by a `UnionAll` type). This provides behavior + similar to parametric methods or `typealias`, but can be used anywhere a type is + accepted. This syntax can also be used in method definitions, e.g. + `function inv(M::Matrix{T}) where T<:AbstractFloat`. + Anonymous functions can have type parameters via the syntax + `((x::Array{T}) where T<:Real) -> 2x`. + + + Implicit type parameters, e.g. `Vector{<:Real}` is equivalent to + `Vector{T} where T<:Real`, and similarly for `Vector{>:Int}` ([#20414]). + + + Much more accurate subtype and type intersection algorithms. Method sorting and + identification of equivalent and ambiguous methods are improved as a result. + +Language changes +---------------- + + * "Inner constructor" syntax for parametric types is deprecated. For example, + in this definition: + ``` + type Foo{T,S<:Real} + x + Foo(x) = new(x) + end + ``` + the syntax `Foo(x) = new(x)` actually defined a constructor for `Foo{T,S}`, + i.e. the case where the type parameters are specified. For clarity, this + definition now must be written as `Foo{T,S}(x) where {T,S<:Real} = new(x)` + ([#11310], [#20308]). + + * The keywords used to define types have changed ([#19157], [#20418]). + + + `immutable` changes to `struct` + + + `type` changes to `mutable struct` + + + `abstract` changes to `abstract type ... end` + + + `bitstype 32 Char` changes to `primitive type Char 32 end` + + In 0.6, `immutable` and `type` are still allowed as synonyms without a deprecation + warning. + + * Multi-line and single-line nonstandard command literals have been added. A + nonstandard command literal is like a nonstandard string literal, but the + syntax uses backquotes (``` ` ```) instead of double quotes, and the + resulting macro called is suffixed with `_cmd`. For instance, the syntax + ``` q`xyz` ``` is equivalent to `@q_cmd "xyz"` ([#18644]). + + * Nonstandard string and command literals can now be qualified with their + module. For instance, `Base.r"x"` is now parsed as `Base.@r_str "x"`. + Previously, this syntax parsed as an implicit multiplication ([#18690]). + + * For every binary operator `⨳`, `a .⨳ b` is now automatically equivalent to + the `broadcast` call `(⨳).(a, b)`. Hence, one no longer defines methods + for `.*` etcetera. This also means that "dot operations" automatically + fuse into a single loop, along with other dot calls `f.(x)` ([#17623]). + Similarly for unary operators ([#20249]). + + * Newly defined methods are no longer callable from the same dynamic runtime + scope they were defined in ([#17057]). + + * `isa` is now parsed as an infix operator with the same precedence as `in` + ([#19677]). + + * `@.` is now parsed as `@__dot__`, and can be used to add dots to + every function call, operator, and assignment in an expression ([#20321]). + + * The identifier `_` can be assigned, but accessing its value is deprecated, + allowing this syntax to be used in the future for discarding values ([#9343], + [#18251], [#20328]). + + * The `typealias` keyword is deprecated, and should be replaced with + `Vector{T} = Array{T,1}` or a `const` assignment ([#20500]). + + * Experimental feature: `x^n` for integer literals `n` (e.g. `x^3` + or `x^-3`) is now lowered to `Base.literal_pow(^, x, Val{n})`, to enable + compile-time specialization for literal integer exponents ([#20530], [#20889]). + +Breaking changes +---------------- + +This section lists changes that do not have deprecation warnings. + + * `readline`, `readlines` and `eachline` return lines without line endings by default. + You *must* use `readline(s, chomp=false)`, etc. to get the old behavior where + returned lines include trailing end-of-line character(s) ([#19944]). + + * `String`s no longer have a `.data` field (as part of a significant performance + improvement). Use `Vector{UInt8}(str)` to access a string as a byte array. + However, allocating the `Vector` object has overhead. You can also use + `codeunit(str, i)` to access the `i`th byte of a `String`. + Use `sizeof(str)` instead of `length(str.data)`, and `pointer(str)` instead of + `pointer(str.data)` ([#19449]). + + * Operations between `Float16` and `Integers` now return `Float16` instead of `Float32` ([#17261]). + + * Keyword arguments are processed left-to-right: if the same keyword is specified more than + once, the rightmost occurrence takes precedence ([#17785]). + + * The `lgamma(z)` function now uses a different (more standard) branch cut + for `real(z) < 0`, which differs from `log(gamma(z))` by multiples of 2π + in the imaginary part ([#18330]). + + * `broadcast` now handles tuples, and treats any argument that is not a tuple + or an array as a "scalar" ([#16986]). + + * `broadcast` now produces a `BitArray` instead of `Array{Bool}` for + functions yielding a boolean result. If you want `Array{Bool}`, use + `broadcast!` or `.=` ([#17623]). + + * Broadcast `A[I...] .= X` with entirely scalar indices `I` is deprecated as + its behavior will change in the future. Use `A[I...] = X` instead. + + * Operations like `.+` and `.*` on `Range` objects are now generic + `broadcast` calls (see [above](#language-changes)) and produce an `Array`. + If you want a `Range` result, use `+` and `*`, etcetera ([#17623]). + + * `broadcast` now treats `Ref` (except for `Ptr`) arguments as 0-dimensional + arrays ([#18965]). + + * `broadcast` now handles missing data (`Nullable`s) allowing operations to + be lifted over mixtures of `Nullable`s and scalars, as if the `Nullable` + were like an array with zero or one element ([#16961], [#19787]). + + * The runtime now enforces when new method definitions can take effect ([#17057]). + The flip-side of this is that new method definitions should now reliably actually + take effect, and be called when evaluating new code ([#265]). + + * The array-scalar methods of `/`, `\`, `*`, `+`, and `-` now follow broadcast promotion + rules. (Likewise for the now-deprecated array-scalar methods of `div`, `mod`, `rem`, + `&`, `|`, and `xor`; see "Deprecated or removed" below.) ([#19692]). + + * `broadcast!(f, A)` now calls `f()` for each element of `A`, rather than doing `fill!(A, f())` ([#19722]). + + * `rmprocs` now throws an exception if requested workers have not been completely + removed before `waitfor` seconds. With a `waitfor=0`, `rmprocs` returns immediately + without waiting for worker exits. + + * `quadgk` has been moved from Base into a separate package ([#19741]). + + * The `Collections` module has been removed, and all functions defined therein have been + moved to the `DataStructures` package ([#19800]). + + * The `RepString` type has been moved to the + [LegacyStrings.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaArchive/LegacyStrings.jl). + + * In macro calls with parentheses, e.g. `@m(a=1)`, assignments are now parsed as + `=` expressions, instead of as `kw` expressions ([#7669]). + + * When used as an infix operator, `~` is now parsed as a call to an ordinary operator + with assignment precedence, instead of as a macro call ([#20406]). + + * (µ "micro" and ɛ "latin epsilon") are considered equivalent to + the corresponding Greek characters in identifiers. `\varepsilon` + now tab-completes to U+03B5 (greek small letter epsilon) ([#19464]). + + * `retry` now inputs the keyword arguments `delays` and `check` instead of + `n` and `max_delay`. The previous functionality can be achieved setting + `delays` to `ExponentialBackOff` ([#19331]). + + * `transpose(::AbstractVector)` now always returns a `RowVector` view of the input (which is a + special 1×n-sized `AbstractMatrix`), not a `Matrix`, etc. In particular, for + `v::AbstractVector` we now have `(v.').' === v` and `v.' * v` is a scalar ([#19670]). + + * Parametric types with "unspecified" parameters, such as `Array`, are now represented + as `UnionAll` types instead of `DataType`s ([#18457]). + + * `Union` types have two fields, `a` and `b`, instead of a single `types` field. + The empty type `Union{}` is represented by a singleton of type `TypeofBottom` ([#18457]). + + * The type `NTuple{N}` now refers to tuples where every element has the same type + (since it is shorthand for `NTuple{N,T} where T`). To get the old behavior of matching + any tuple, use `NTuple{N,Any}` ([#18457]). + + * `FloatRange` has been replaced by `StepRangeLen`, and the internal + representation of `LinSpace` has changed. Aside from changes in + the internal field names, this leads to several differences in + behavior ([#18777]): + + + Both `StepRangeLen` and `LinSpace` can represent ranges of + arbitrary object types---they are no longer limited to + floating-point numbers. + + + For ranges that produce `Float64`, `Float32`, or `Float16` + numbers, `StepRangeLen` can be used to produce values with + little or no roundoff error due to internal arithmetic that is + typically twice the precision of the output result. + + + To take advantage of this precision, `linspace(start, stop, + len)` now returns a range of type `StepRangeLen` rather than + `LinSpace` when `start` and `stop` are + `FloatNN`. `LinSpace(start, stop, len)` always returns a + `LinSpace`. + + + `StepRangeLen(a, step, len)` constructs an ordinary-precision range + using the values and types of `a` and `step` as given, whereas + `range(a, step, len)` will attempt to match inputs `a::FloatNN` + and `step::FloatNN` to rationals and construct a `StepRangeLen` + that internally uses twice-precision arithmetic. These two + outcomes exhibit differences in both precision and speed. + + * `A=>B` expressions are now parsed as calls instead of using `=>` as the + expression head ([#20327]). + + * The `count` function no longer sums non-boolean values ([#20404]) + + * The generic `getindex(::AbstractString, ::AbstractVector)` method's signature has been + tightened to `getindex(::AbstractString, ::AbstractVector{<:Integer})`. Consequently, + indexing into `AbstractString`s with non-`AbstractVector{<:Integer}` `AbstractVector`s + now throws a `MethodError` in the absence of an appropriate specialization. + (Previously such cases failed less explicitly with the exception of + `AbstractVector{Bool}`, which now throws an `ArgumentError` noting that + logical indexing into strings is not supported.) ([#20248]) + + * Bessel, Hankel, Airy, error, Dawson, eta, zeta, digamma, inverse digamma, + trigamma, and polygamma special functions have been moved from Base to + the + [SpecialFunctions.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaMath/SpecialFunctions.jl) + ([#20427]). Note that `airy`, `airyx` and `airyprime` have been deprecated + in favor of more specific functions (`airyai`, `airybi`, `airyaiprime`, + `airybiprimex`, `airyaix`, `airybix`, `airyaiprimex`, `airybiprimex`) + ([#18050]). + + * When a macro is called in the module in which that macro is defined, global variables + in the macro are now correctly resolved in the macro definition environment. Breakage + from this change commonly manifests as undefined variable errors that do not occur + under 0.5. Fixing such breakage typically requires sprinkling additional `esc`s in + the offending macro ([#15850]). + + * `write` on an `IOBuffer` now returns a signed integer in order to be + consistent with other buffers ([#20609]). + + * The `<:Integer` division fallback `/(::Integer, ::Integer)`, which formerly + inappropriately took precedence over other division methods for some + mixed-integer-type division calls, has been removed ([#19779]). + + * `@async`, `@spawn`, `@spawnat`, `@fetch` and `@fetchfrom` no longer implicitly + localize variables. Previously, the expression would be wrapped in an implicit + `let` block ([#19594]). + + * `parse` no longer accepts IPv4 addresses including leading zeros, octal, or hexadecimal. + Convert IPv4 addresses including octal or hexadecimal to decimal, and remove leading + zeros in decimal addresses ([#19811]). + + * Closures shipped for remote execution via `@spawn` or `remotecall` now automatically + serialize globals defined under Main. For details, please refer to the paragraph + on "Global variables" under the "Parallel computing" chapter in the manual ([#19594]). + + * `homedir` now determines the user's home directory via `libuv`'s `uv_os_homedir`, + rather than from environment variables ([#19636]). + + * Workers now listen on an ephemeral port assigned by the OS. Previously workers would + listen on the first free port available from 9009 ([#21818]). + + +Library improvements +-------------------- + + * A new `@views` macro was added to convert a whole expression or block of code to + use views for all slices ([#20164]). + + * `max`, `min`, and related functions (`minmax`, `maximum`, `minimum`, `extrema`) + now return `NaN` for `NaN` arguments ([#12563]). + + * `oneunit(x)` function to return a dimensionful version of `one(x)` + (which is clarified to mean a dimensionless quantity if `x` is dimensionful) ([#20268]). + + * The `chop` and `chomp` functions now return a `SubString` ([#18339]). + + * Numbered stackframes printed in stacktraces can now be opened in an editor by + entering the corresponding number in the REPL and pressing `^Q` ([#19680]). + + * The REPL now supports something called *prompt pasting* ([#17599]). + This activates when pasting text that starts with `julia> ` into the REPL. + In that case, only expressions starting with `julia> ` are parsed, the rest are removed. + This makes it possible to paste a chunk of code that has been copied from a REPL session + without having to scrub away prompts and outputs. + This can be disabled or enabled at will with `Base.REPL.enable_promptpaste(::Bool)`. + + * The function `print_with_color` can now take a color + represented by an integer between 0 and 255 inclusive + as its first argument ([#18473]). For a number-to-color mapping, please refer to + [this chart](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Xterm_256color_chart.svg). + It is also possible to use numbers as colors in environment variables that customizes colors in the REPL. + For example, to get orange warning messages, simply set `ENV["JULIA_WARN_COLOR"] = 208`. + Please note that not all terminals support 256 colors. + + * The function `print_with_color` no longer prints text in bold by default ([#18628]). + Instead, the function now take a keyword argument `bold::Bool` + which determines whether to print in bold or not. On some terminals, printing a color in non bold + results in slightly darker colors being printed than when printing in bold. + Therefore, light versions of the colors are now supported. + For the available colors see the help entry on `print_with_color`. + + * The default text style for REPL input and answers has been changed from bold to normal ([#11250]). + They can be changed back to bold by setting the environment variables + `JULIA_INPUT_COLOR` and `JULIA_ANSWER_COLOR` to `"bold"`. + For example, one way of doing this is adding `ENV["JULIA_INPUT_COLOR"] = :bold` + and `ENV["JULIA_ANSWER_COLOR"] = :bold` to the `.juliarc.jl` file. See the + [manual section on customizing colors](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/interacting-with-julia#Customizing-Colors-1) + for more information. + + * The default color for info messages has been changed from blue to cyan + ([#18442]), and for warning messages from red to yellow ([#18453]). This + can be changed back to the original colors by setting the environment + variables `JULIA_INFO_COLOR` to `"blue"` and `JULIA_WARN_COLOR` to `"red"`. + + * Iteration utilities that wrap iterators and return other iterators (`enumerate`, `zip`, `rest`, + `countfrom`, `take`, `drop`, `cycle`, `repeated`, `product`, `flatten`, `partition`) have been + moved to the module `Base.Iterators` ([#18839]). + + * BitArrays can now be constructed from arbitrary iterables, in particular from generator expressions, + e.g. `BitArray(isodd(x) for x = 1:100)` ([#19018]). + + * `hcat`, `vcat`, and `hvcat` now work with `UniformScaling` objects, so + you can now do e.g. `[A I]` and it will concatenate an appropriately sized + identity matrix ([#19305]). + + * New `accumulate` and `accumulate!` functions were added, which generalize `cumsum` and `cumprod`. + Also known as a [scan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_sum) operation ([#18931]). + + * `reshape` now allows specifying one dimension with a `Colon()` (`:`) for the new shape, in which case + that dimension's length will be computed such that its product with all the other dimensions is equal + to the length of the original array ([#19919]). + + * The new `to_indices` function provides a uniform interface for index conversions, + taking an array and a tuple of indices as arguments and returning a tuple of + integers and/or arrays of supported scalar indices. It will throw an `ArgumentError` + for any unsupported indices, and the returned arrays should be iterated over (and + not indexed into) to support more efficient logical indexing ([#19730]). + + + Using colons (`:`) to represent a collection of indices is deprecated. They now must be + explicitly converted to a specialized array of integers with the `to_indices` function. +    As a result, the type of `SubArray`s that represent views over colon indices has changed. + + + Logical indexing is now more efficient. Logical arrays are converted by `to_indices` to + a lazy, iterable collection of indices that doesn't support indexing. A deprecation + provides indexing support with O(n) lookup. + + + The performance of indexing with `CartesianIndex`es is also improved in many situations. + + * A new `titlecase` function was added, to capitalize the first character of each word within a string ([#19469]). + + * `any` and `all` now always short-circuit, and `mapreduce` never short-circuits ([#19543]). + That is, not every member of the input iterable will be visited if a `true` (in the case of `any`) or + `false` (in the case of `all`) value is found, and `mapreduce` will visit all members of the iterable. + + * Additional methods for `ones` and `zeros` functions were added + to support the same signature as the `similar` function ([#19635]). + + * `count` now has a `count(itr)` method equivalent to `count(identity, itr)` ([#20403]). + + * Methods for `map` and `filter` with `Nullable` arguments have been implemented; + the semantics are as if the `Nullable` were a container with zero or one elements ([#16961]). + + * New `@test_warn` and `@test_nowarn` macros were added in the `Base.Test` module to + test for the presence or absence of warning messages ([#19903]). + + * `logging` can now be used to redirect `info`, `warn`, and `error` messages + either universally or on a per-module/function basis ([#16213]). + + * New function `Base.invokelatest(f, args...)` to call the latest version + of a function in circumstances where an older version may be called + instead (e.g. in a function calling `eval`) ([#19784]). + + * A new `iszero(x)` function was added, to quickly check whether `x` is zero + (or is all zeros, for an array) ([#19950]). + + * `notify` now returns a count of tasks woken up ([#19841]). + + * A new nonstandard string literal `raw"..."` was added, + for creating strings with no interpolation or unescaping ([#19900]). + + * A new `Dates.Time` type was added that supports representing the time of day + with up to nanosecond resolution ([#12274]). + + * Raising one or negative one to a negative integer power formerly threw a `DomainError`. + One raised to any negative integer power now yields one, negative one raised to any + negative even integer power now yields one, and negative one raised to any negative + odd integer power now yields negative one. Similarly, raising `true` to any negative + integer power now yields `true` rather than throwing a `DomainError` ([#18342]). + + * A new `@macroexpand` macro was added as a convenient alternative to the `macroexpand` function ([#18660]). + + * `invoke` now supports keyword arguments ([#20345]). + + * A new `ConjArray` type was added, as a wrapper type for lazy complex conjugation of arrays. + Currently, it is used by default for the new `RowVector` type only, and + enforces that both `transpose(vec)` and `ctranspose(vec)` are views not copies ([#20047]). + + * `rem` now accepts a `RoundingMode` argument via `rem(x, y, r::RoundingMode)`, yielding + `x - y*round(x/y, r)` without intermediate rounding. In particular, `rem(x, y, RoundNearest)` + yields a value in the interval `[-abs(y)/2, abs(y)/2]`), which corresponds to the IEE754 + `remainder` function. Similarly, `rem2pi(x, r::RoundingMode)` now exists as well, yielding + `rem(x, 2pi, r::RoundingMode)` but with greater accuracy ([#10946]). + + * `map[!]` and `broadcast[!]` now have dedicated methods for sparse/structured + vectors/matrices. Specifically, `map[!]` and `broadcast[!]` over combinations including + one or more `SparseVector`, `SparseMatrixCSC`, `Diagonal`, `Bidiagonal`, `Tridiagonal`, + or `SymTridiagonal`, and any number of `broadcast` scalars, `Vector`s, or `Matrix`s, + now efficiently yield `SparseVector`s or `SparseMatrix`s as appropriate ([#19239], + [#19371], [#19518], [#19438], [#19690], [#19724], [#19926], [#19934], [#20009]). + + * The operators `!` and `∘` (`\circ` at the REPL and in most code editors) now + respectively perform predicate function negation and function composition. For example, + `map(!iszero, (0, 1))` is now equivalent to `map(x -> !iszero(x), (0, 1))` and + `map(uppercase ∘ hex, 250:255)` is now equivalent to + `map(x -> uppercase(hex(x)), 250:255)` ([#17155]). + + * `enumerate` now supports the two-argument form `enumerate(::IndexStyle, iterable)`. + This form allows specification of the returned indices' style. For example, + `enumerate(IndexLinear, iterable)` yields linear indices and + `enumerate(IndexCartesian, iterable)` yields cartesian indices ([#16378]). + +Compiler/Runtime improvements +----------------------------- + + * `ccall` is now implemented as a macro, + removing the need for special code-generator support for `Intrinsics` ([#18754]). + + * `ccall` gained limited support for a `llvmcall` calling-convention. + This can replace many uses of `llvmcall` with a simpler, shorter declaration ([#18754]). + + * All `Intrinsics` are now `Builtin` functions instead and have proper error checking + and fall-back static compilation support ([#18754]). + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + + * `ipermutedims(A::AbstractArray, p)` has been deprecated in favor of + `permutedims(A, invperm(p))` ([#18891]). + + * Linear indexing is now only supported when there is exactly one + non-cartesian index provided. Allowing a trailing index at dimension `d` to + linearly access the higher dimensions from array `A` (beyond `size(A, d)`) + has been deprecated as a stricter constraint during bounds checking. + Instead, `reshape` the array such that its dimensionality matches the + number of indices ([#20079]). + + * `Multimedia.@textmime "mime"` has been deprecated. Instead define + `Multimedia.istextmime(::MIME"mime") = true` ([#18441]). + + * `isdefined(a::Array, i::Int)` has been deprecated in favor of `isassigned` ([#18346]). + + * The three-argument `SubArray` constructor (which accepts `dims::Tuple` as its third + argument) has been deprecated in favor of the two-argument equivalent (the + `dims::Tuple` argument being superfluous) ([#19259]). + + * `is` has been deprecated in favor of `===` (which used to be an alias for `is`) ([#17758]). + + * Ambiguous methods for addition and subtraction between `UniformScaling`s and `Number`s, + for example `(+)(J::UniformScaling, x::Number)`, have been deprecated in favor of + unambiguous, explicit equivalents, for example `J.λ + x` ([#17607]). + + * `num` and `den` have been deprecated in favor of `numerator` and `denominator` respectively ([#19233],[#19246]). + + * `delete!(ENV::EnvDict, k::AbstractString, def)` has been deprecated in favor of + `pop!(ENV, k, def)`. Be aware that `pop!` returns `k` or `def`, whereas `delete!` + returns `ENV` or `def` ([#18012]). + + * infix operator `$` has been deprecated in favor of infix `⊻` or function `xor` ([#18977]). + + * The single-argument form of `write` (`write(x)`, with implicit `STDOUT` output stream), + has been deprecated in favor of the explicit equivalent `write(STDOUT, x)` ([#17654]). + + * `Dates.recur` has been deprecated in favor of `filter` ([#19288]) + + * A number of ambiguous `convert` operations between `Number`s (especially `Real`s) + and `Date`, `DateTime`, and `Period` types have been deprecated in favor of + unambiguous `convert` and explicit constructor calls. Additionally, ambiguous colon + construction of `<:Period` ranges without step specification, for example + `Dates.Hour(1):Dates.Hour(2)`, has been deprecated in favor of such construction + including step specification, for example `Dates.Hour(1):Dates.Hour(1):Dates.Hour(2)` + ([#19920]). + + * `cummin` and `cummax` have been deprecated in favor of `accumulate` ([#18931]). + + * The `Array` constructor syntax `Array(T, dims...)` has been deprecated + in favor of the forms `Array{T,N}(dims...)` (where `N` is known, or + particularly `Vector{T}(dims...)` for `N = 1` and `Matrix{T}(dims...)` for `N = 2`), + and `Array{T}(dims...)` (where `N` is not known). Likewise for `SharedArray`s ([#19989]). + + * `sumabs` and `sumabs2` have been deprecated in favor of `sum(abs, x)` and `sum(abs2, x)`, respectively. + `maxabs` and `minabs` have similarly been deprecated in favor of `maximum(abs, x)` and `minimum(abs, x)`. + Likewise for the in-place counterparts of these functions ([#19598]). + + * The array-reducing form of `isinteger` (`isinteger(x::AbstractArray)`) has been + deprecated in favor of `all(isinteger, x)` ([#19925]). + + * `produce`, `consume` and iteration over a Task object have been deprecated in favor of + using Channels for inter-task communication ([#19841]). + + * The `negate` keyword has been deprecated from all functions in the `Dates` adjuster + API (`adjust`, `tonext`, `toprev`, `Date`, `Time`, and `DateTime`). Instead use + predicate function negation via the `!` operator + (see [Library Improvements](#library-improvements)) ([#20213]). + + * `@test_approx_eq x y` has been deprecated in favor of `@test isapprox(x,y)` or `@test x ≈ y` ([#4615]). + + * `Matrix()` and `Matrix{T}()` have been deprecated in favor of the explicit forms + `Matrix(0, 0)` and `Matrix{T}(0, 0)` ([#20330]). + + * Vectorized functions have been deprecated in favor of dot syntax ([#17302], [#17265], + [#18558], [#19711], [#19712], [#19791], [#19802], [#19931], [#20543], [#20228]). + + * All methods of character predicates (`isalnum`, `isalpha`, `iscntrl`, `isdigit`, + `isnumber`, `isgraph`, `islower`, `isprint`, `ispunct`, `isspace`, `isupper`, + `isxdigit`) that accept `AbstractStrings` have been deprecated in favor of `all`. + For example, `isnumber("123")` should now be expressed `all(isnumber, "123")` + ([#20342]). + + * A few names related to indexing traits have been changed: `LinearIndexing` and + `linearindexing` have been deprecated in favor of `IndexStyle`. `LinearFast` has + been deprecated in favor of `IndexLinear`, and `LinearSlow` has been deprecated in + favor of `IndexCartesian` ([#16378]). + + * The two-argument forms of `map` (`map!(f, A)`) and `asyncmap!` (`asyncmap!(f, A)`) + have been deprecated in anticipation of future semantic changes ([#19721]). + + * `unsafe_wrap(String, ...)` has been deprecated in favor of `unsafe_string` ([#19449]). + + * `zeros` and `ones` methods accepting an element type as the first argument and an + array as the second argument, for example `zeros(Float64, [1, 2, 3])`, have been + deprecated in favor of equivalent methods with the second argument instead the + size of the array, for example `zeros(Float64, size([1, 2, 3]))` ([#21183]). + + * `Base.promote_eltype_op` has been deprecated ([#19669], [#19814], [#19937]). + + * `isimag` has been deprecated ([#19949]). + + * The tuple-of-types form of `invoke`, `invoke(f, (types...), ...)`, has been deprecated + in favor of the tuple-type form `invoke(f, Tuple{types...}, ...)` ([#18444]). + + * `Base._promote_array_type` has been deprecated ([#19766]). + + * `broadcast_zpreserving` has been deprecated ([#19533], [#19720]). + + * Methods allowing indexing of tuples by `AbstractArray`s with more than one dimension + have been deprecated. (Indexing a tuple by such a higher-dimensional `AbstractArray` + should yield a tuple with more than one dimension, but tuples are one-dimensional.) + ([#19737]). + + * `@test_approx_eq a b` has been deprecated in favor of `@test a ≈ b` (or, + equivalently, `@test ≈(a, b)` or `@test isapprox(a, b)`). + `@test_approx_eq_eps` has been deprecated in favor of new `@test` syntax: + `@test` now supports the syntax `@test f(args...) key=val ...` for + `@test f(args..., key=val...)`. This syntax allows, for example, writing + `@test a ≈ b atol=c` in place of `@test ≈(a, b, atol=c)` (and hence + `@test_approx_eq_eps a b c`) ([#19901]). + + * `takebuf_array` has been deprecated in favor of `take!`, and `takebuf_string(x)` + has been deprecated in favor of `String(take!(x))` ([#19088]). + + * `convert` methods from `Diagonal` and `Bidiagonal` to subtypes of + `AbstractTriangular` have been deprecated ([#17723]). + + * `Base.LinAlg.arithtype` has been deprecated. If you were using `arithtype` within a + `promote_op` call, instead use `promote_op(Base.LinAlg.matprod, Ts...)`. Otherwise, + consider defining equivalent functionality locally ([#18218]). + + * Special characters (`#{}()[]<>|&*?~;`) should now be quoted in commands. For example, + ``` `export FOO=1\;` ``` should replace ``` `export FOO=1;` ``` and + ``` `cd $dir '&&' $thingie` ``` should replace ``` `cd $dir && $thingie` ``` ([#19786]). + + * Zero-argument `Channel` constructors (`Channel()`, `Channel{T}()`) have been deprecated + in favor of equivalents accepting an explicit `Channel` size + (`Channel(2)`, `Channel{T}(2)`) ([#18832]). + + * The zero-argument constructor `MersenneTwister()` has been + deprecated in favor of the explicit `MersenneTwister(0)` ([#16984]). + + * `Base.promote_type(op::Type, Ts::Type...)` has been removed as part of an overhaul + of `broadcast`'s promotion mechanism. If you need the functionality of that + `Base.promote_type` method, consider defining it locally via + `Core.Compiler.return_type(op, Tuple{Ts...})` ([#18642]). + + * `bitbroadcast` has been deprecated in favor of `broadcast`, which now produces a + `BitArray` instead of `Array{Bool}` for functions yielding a boolean result ([#19771]). + + * To complete the deprecation of histogram-related functions, `midpoints` has been + deprecated. Instead use the + [StatsBase.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaStats/StatsBase.jl)'s + `midpoints` function ([#20058]). + + * Passing a type argument to `LibGit2.cat` has been deprecated in favor of a simpler, + two-argument method for `LibGit2.cat` ([#20435]). + + * The `LibGit2.owner` function for finding the repository which owns a given Git object + has been deprecated in favor of `LibGit2.repository` ([#20135]). + + * The `LibGit2.GitAnyObject` type has been renamed to `LibGit2.GitUnknownObject` to + clarify its intent ([#19935]). + + * The `LibGit2.GitOid` type has been renamed to `LibGit2.GitHash` for clarity ([#19878]). + + * Finalizing `LibGit2` objects with `finalize` has been deprecated in favor of using `close` + ([#19660]). + + * Parsing string dates from a `Dates.DateFormat` object has been deprecated as part of a + larger effort toward faster, more extensible date parsing ([#20952]). + +Command-line option changes +--------------------------- + + * In `polly` builds (`USE_POLLY := 1`), the new flag `--polly={yes|no}` controls whether + `@polly` declarations are respected. (With `--polly=no`, `@polly` declarations are + ignored.) This flag is also available in non-`polly` builds (`USE_POLLY := 0`), + but has no effect ([#18159]). + +Julia v0.5.0 Release Notes +========================== + +New language features +--------------------- + + * Generator expressions: `f(i) for i in 1:n` ([#4470]). This returns an iterator + that computes the specified values on demand. This is useful for computing, e.g. + `sum(f(i) for i in 1:n)` without creating an intermediate array of values. + + * Generators and comprehensions support filtering using `if` ([#550]) and nested + iteration using multiple `for` keywords ([#4867]). + + * Fused broadcasting syntax: ``f.(args...)`` is equivalent to ``broadcast(f, args...)`` ([#15032]), + and nested `f.(g.(args...))` calls are fused into a single `broadcast` loop ([#17300]). + Similarly, the syntax `x .= ...` is equivalent to a `broadcast!(identity, x, ...)` + call and fuses with nested "dot" calls; also, `x .+= y` and similar is now + equivalent to `x .= x .+ y`, rather than `x = x .+ y` ([#17510]). + + * Macro expander functions are now generic, so macros can have multiple definitions + (e.g. for different numbers of arguments, or optional arguments) ([#8846], [#9627]). + However note that the argument types refer to the syntax tree representation, and not + to the types of run time values. + + * Varargs functions like `foo{T}(x::T...)` may now restrict the number + of such arguments using `foo{T,N}(x::Vararg{T,N})` ([#11242]). + + * `x ∈ X` is now a synonym for `x in X` in `for` loops and comprehensions, + as it already was in comparisons ([#13824]). + + * The `PROGRAM_FILE` global is now available for determining the name of the running script ([#14114]). + + * The syntax `x.:sym` (e.g. `Base.:+`) is now supported, while using `x.(:sym)` + or `x.(i)` for field access are deprecated in favor of `getfield` ([#15032]). + + * Function return type syntax `function f()::T` has been added ([#1090]). Values returned + from a function with such a declaration will be converted to the specified type `T`. + + * Many more operators now support `.` prefixes (e.g. `.≤`) ([#17393]). However, + users are discouraged from overloading these, since they are mainly parsed + in order to implement backwards compatibility with planned automatic + broadcasting of dot operators in Julia 0.6 ([#16285]). Explicitly qualified + operator names like `Base.≤` should now use `Base.:≤` (prefixed by `@compat` + if you need 0.4 compatibility via the `Compat` package). + + * User-extensible bounds check elimination is now possible with the new + `@boundscheck` macro ([#14474]). This macro marks bounds checking code blocks, + which the compiler may remove when encountered inside an `@inbounds` call. + +Experimental language features +------------------------------ + + * Support for + [multi-threading](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/parallel-computing/#multi-threading-experimental). + Loops with independent iterations can be easily parallelized with the + `Threads.@threads` macro. + + * Support for arrays with indexing starting at values different from 1. + The array types are expected to be defined in packages, but now + Julia provides an API for writing generic algorithms for arbitrary + indexing schemes ([#16260]). + +Language changes +---------------- + + * Each function and closure now has its own type. The captured variables of a closure + are fields of its type. `Function` is now an abstract type, and is the default + supertype of functions and closures. All functions, including anonymous functions, + are generic and support all features (e.g. keyword arguments). Instead of adding + methods to `call`, methods are added by type using the syntax + `(::ftype)(...) = ...`. `call` is deprecated ([#13412]). A significant result of + this language change is that higher order functions can be specialized on their + function arguments, leading to much faster functional programming, typically as + fast as if function arguments were manually inlined. See below for details. + + * Square brackets and commas (e.g. `[x, y]`) no longer concatenate arrays, and always + simply construct a vector of the provided values. If `x` and `y` are arrays, + `[x, y]` will be an array of arrays ([#3737], [#2488], [#8599]). + + * `using` and `import` are now case-sensitive even on case-insensitive filesystems + (common on Mac and Windows) ([#13542]). + + * Relational algebra symbols are now allowed as infix operators ([#8036]): + `⨝`, `⟕`, `⟖`, `⟗` for joins and `▷` for anti-join. + + * A warning is always given when a method is overwritten; previously, this was done + only when the new and old definitions were in separate modules ([#14759]). + + * The `if` keyword cannot be followed immediately by a line break ([#15763]). + + * Juxtaposition of numeric literals ending in `.` (e.g. `1.x`) is no longer + allowed ([#15731]). + + * The built-in `NTuple` type has been removed; `NTuple{N,T}` is now + implemented internally as `Tuple{Vararg{T,N}}` ([#11242]). + + * Use of the syntax `x::T` to declare the type of a local variable is deprecated. + In the future this will always mean type assertion, and declarations should use + `local x::T` instead ([#16071]). + When `x` is global, `x::T = ...` and `global x::T` used to mean type assertion, + but this syntax is now reserved for type declaration ([#964]). + + * Dictionary comprehension syntax `[ a=>b for x in y ]` is deprecated. + Use `Dict(a=>b for x in y)` instead ([#16510]). + + * Parentheses are no longer allowed around iteration specifications, e.g. + `for (i = 1:n)` ([#17668]). + +Breaking changes +---------------- + +This section lists changes that do not have deprecation warnings. + + * All dimensions indexed by scalars are now dropped, whereas previously only + trailing scalar dimensions would be omitted from the result ([#13612]). This + is a very major behavioral change, but should cause obvious failures. To retain + a dimension sliced with a scalar `i` slice with `i:i` instead. + + * The assignment operations `.+=`, `.*=` and so on now generate calls + to `broadcast!` on the left-hand side (or call to `view(a, ...)` on the left-hand side + if the latter is an indexing expression, e.g. `a[...]`). This means that they will fail + if the left-hand side is immutable (or does not support `view`), and will otherwise + change the left-hand side in-place ([#17510], [#17546]). + + * Method ambiguities no longer generate warnings when files are loaded, + nor do they dispatch to an arbitrarily-chosen method; instead, a call that + cannot be resolved to a single method results in a `MethodError` at run time, + rather than the previous definition-time warning ([#6190]). + + * Array comprehensions preserve the dimensions of the input ranges. For example, + `[2x for x in A]` will have the same dimensions as `A` ([#16622]). + + * The result type of an array comprehension depends only on the types of elements + computed, instead of using type inference ([#7258]). If the result is empty, then + type inference is still used to determine the element type. + + * `reshape` is now defined to always share data with the original array. + If a reshaped copy is needed, use `copy(reshape(a))` or `copy!` to a new array of + the desired shape ([#4211]). + + * `mapslices` now re-uses temporary storage. Recipient functions that expect + input slices to be persistent should copy data to other storage ([#17266]). + All usages of `mapslices` should be carefully audited since this change can cause + silent, incorrect behavior, rather than failing noisily. + + * Local variables and arguments are represented in lowered code as numbered `Slot` + objects instead of as symbols ([#15609]). + + * The information that used to be in the `ast` field of the `LambdaStaticData` type + is now divided among the fields `code`, `slotnames`, `slottypes`, `slotflags`, + `gensymtypes`, `rettype`, `nargs`, and `isva` in the `LambdaInfo` type ([#15609]). + + * `A <: B` is parsed as `Expr(:(<:), :A, :B)` in all cases ([#9503]). + This also applies to the `>:` operator. + + * Simple 2-argument comparisons like `A < B` are parsed as calls instead of using the + `:comparison` expression type ([#15524]). The `:comparison` expression type is still + produced in ASTs when comparisons are chained (e.g. `A < B ≤ C`). + + * `map` on a dictionary now expects a function that expects and returns a `Pair`. + The result is now another dictionary instead of an array ([#16622]). + + * Bit shift operations (i.e. `<<`, `>>`, and `>>>`) now handle + negative shift counts differently: Negative counts are interpreted + as shifts in the opposite direction. For example, `4 >> -1 == 4 << + +1 == 8`. Previously, negative counts would implicitly overflow to + large positive counts, always yielding either `0` or `-1`. + +Library improvements +-------------------- + + * Strings ([#16107]): + + * The `UTF8String` and `ASCIIString` types have been merged into a single + `String` type ([#16058]). Use `isascii(s)` to check whether + a string contains only ASCII characters. The `ascii(s)` function now + converts `s` to `String`, raising an `ArgumentError` exception if `s` is + not pure ASCII. + + * The `UTF16String` and `UTF32String` types and corresponding `utf16` and + `utf32` converter functions have been removed from the standard library. + If you need these types, they have been moved to the + [LegacyStrings.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaArchive/LegacyStrings.jl). + In the future, more robust Unicode string support will be provided by the + [StringEncodings.jl package](https://github.com/nalimilan/StringEncodings.jl). + If you only need these types to call wide string APIs (UTF-16 on Windows, + UTF-32 on UNIX), consider using the new `transcode` function (see below) + or the `Cwstring` type as a `ccall` argument type, which also ensures + correct NUL termination of string data. + + * A `transcode(T, src)` function is now exported for converting data + between UTF-xx Unicode encodings ([#17323]). + + * The basic string construction routines are now `string(args...)`, + `String(s)`, `unsafe_string(ptr)` (formerly `bytestring(ptr)`), and + `unsafe_wrap(String, ptr)` (formerly `pointer_to_string`) ([#16731]). + + * Comparisons between `Char`s and `Integer`s are now deprecated ([#16024]): + `'x' == 120` now produces a warning but still evaluates to `true`. In the + future it may evaluate to `false` or the comparison may be an error. To + compare characters with integers you should either convert the integer to + a character value or convert the character to the corresponding code point + first: e.g. `'x' == Char(120)` or `Int('x') == 120`. The former is usually + preferable. + + * Support for Unicode 9 ([#17402]). + + * Arrays and linear algebra: + + * Dimensions indexed by multidimensional arrays add dimensions. More generally, the + dimensionality of the result is the sum of the dimensionalities of the indices ([#15431]). + + * New `normalize` and `normalize!` convenience functions for normalizing + vectors ([#13681]). + + * QR matrix factorization: + + * New method for generic QR with column pivoting ([#13480]). + + * New method for polar decompositions of `AbstractVector`s ([#13681]). + + * A new `SparseVector` type allows for one-dimensional sparse arrays. + Slicing and reshaping sparse matrices now return vectors when + appropriate. The `sparsevec` function returns a one-dimensional sparse + vector instead of a one-column sparse matrix. The `SparseMatrix` module + has been renamed to `SparseArrays` ([#13440]). + + * Rank one update and downdate functions, `lowrankupdate`, `lowrankupdate!`, `lowrankdowndate`, + and `lowrankdowndate!`, have been introduced for dense Cholesky factorizations ([#14243], [#14424]). + + * All `sparse` methods now retain provided numerical zeros as structural nonzeros; to + drop numerical zeros, use `dropzeros!` ([#14798], [#15242]). + + * `setindex!` methods for sparse matrices and vectors no longer purge allocated entries + on zero assignment. To drop stored entries from sparse matrices and vectors, use + `Base.SparseArrays.dropstored!` ([#17404]). + + * Concatenating dense and sparse matrices now returns a sparse matrix ([#15172]). + + * Files and I/O: + + * The `open` function now respects `umask` on UNIX when creating files ([#16466], [#16502]). + + * A new function `walkdir()` returns an iterator that walks the tree of a directory ([#8814], [#13707]). + + ``` + for (root, dirs, files) in walkdir(expanduser("~/.julia/v0.5/Plots/src")) + println("$(length(files)) \t files in $root") + end + 19 files in /Users/me/.julia/v0.5/Plots/src + 15 files in /Users/me/.julia/v0.5/Plots/src/backends + 4 files in /Users/me/.julia/v0.5/Plots/src/deprecated + ``` + + * A new function `chown()` changes the ownership of files ([#15007]). + + * Display properties can now be passed among output functions (e.g. `show`) + using an `IOContext` object ([#13825]). + + * `Cmd(cmd; ...)` now accepts new Windows-specific options `windows_verbatim` + (to alter Windows command-line generation) and `windows_hide` (to + suppress creation of new console windows) ([#13780]). + + * There is now a default no-op `flush(io)` function for all `IO` types ([#16403]). + + * Parallel computing: + + * `pmap` keyword arguments `err_retry=true` and `err_stop=false` are deprecated. + Action to be taken on errors can be specified via the `on_error` keyword argument. + Retry is specified via `retry_n`, `retry_on` and `retry_max_delay` ([#15409], [#15975], [#16663]). + + * The functions `remotecall`, `remotecall_fetch`, and `remotecall_wait` now have the + function argument as the first argument to allow for do-block syntax ([#13338]). + + * Statistics: + + * Improve performance of `quantile` ([#14413]). + + * `extrema` can now operate over a region ([#15550]). + + * `cov` and `cor` don't use keyword arguments anymore and are therefore now type stable ([#13465]). + + * Histogram functionality has been deprecated in `Base`. Use the + [StatsBase.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaStats/StatsBase.jl) + instead ([#6842], [#16450]). + + * Testing: + + * The `Base.Test` module now has a `@testset` feature to bundle + tests together and delay throwing an error until the end ([#13062]). + + * The new features are mirrored in the + [BaseTestNext.jl package](https://github.com/IainNZ/BaseTestNext.jl) + for users who would like to use the new functionality on Julia v0.4. + + * The [BaseTestDeprecated.jl package](https://github.com/IainNZ/BaseTestDeprecated.jl) + provides the old-style `handler` functionality, for compatibility + with code that needs to support both Julia v0.4 and v0.5. + + * Package management: + + * The package system (`Pkg`) is now based on the `libgit2` library, rather + than running the `git` program, increasing performance (especially on + Windows) ([#11196]). + + * Package-development functions like `Pkg.tag` and `Pkg.publish` + have been moved to an external [PkgDev] package ([#13387]). + + * Updating only a subset of the packages is now supported, + e.g. `Pkg.update("Example")` ([#17132]). + + * Miscellaneous: + + * Prime number related functions have been moved from `Base` to the + [Primes.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaMath/Primes.jl) ([#16481]). + + * Most of the combinatorics functions have been moved from `Base` + to the [Combinatorics.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaLang/Combinatorics.jl) ([#13897]). + + * New `foreach` function for calling a function on every element of a collection when + the results are not needed ([#13774]). Compared to `map(f, v)`, which allocates and + returns a result array, `foreach(f, v)` calls `f` on each element of `v`, returning + nothing. + + * The new `Base.StackTraces` module makes stack traces easier to use programmatically ([#14469]). + + * The `libjulia` library is now properly versioned and installed to the public `/lib` + directory, instead of the private `/lib/julia` directory ([#16362]). + + * System reflection is now more consistently exposed from `Sys` and not `Base` + (e.g. constants such as `WORD_SIZE` and `CPU_CORES`). `OS_NAME` has been + replaced by `Sys.KERNEL` and always reports the name of the kernel (as + reported by `uname`). The `@windows_only` and `@osx` family of macros + have been replaced with functions such as `is_windows()` and `is_apple()`. + There is now also a `@static` macro that will evaluate the condition of an + if-statement at compile time, for when a static branch is required ([#16219]). + + * `Date` and `DateTime` values can now be rounded to a specified resolution (e.g., 1 month or + 15 minutes) with `floor`, `ceil`, and `round` ([#17037]). + +[PkgDev]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/PkgDev.jl + +Compiler/Runtime improvements +----------------------------- + + * Machine SIMD types can be represented in Julia as a homogeneous tuple of `VecElement` ([#15244]). + + * The performance of higher-order and anonymous functions has been greatly improved. + For example, `map(x->2x, A)` performs as well as `2.*A`([#13412]). + + * On windows, a DLL of standard library code is now precompiled and used by default, + improving startup time ([#16953]). + + * LLVM has been upgraded to version 3.7.1, improving the quality of generated + code and debug info. However compile times may be slightly longer ([#14623]). + +New architectures +----------------- + + This release greatly improves support for ARM, and introduces support for Power. + + * [ARM](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=label%3Aarm): + [#14194], [#14519], [#16645], [#16621] + + * [Power](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=label%3Apower): + [#16455], [#16404] + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + + * The following function names have been simplified and unified ([#13232]): + + * `get_bigfloat_precision` -> `precision(BigFloat)` + * `set_bigfloat_precision` -> `setprecision` + * `with_bigfloat_precision` -> `setprecision` + + * `get_rounding` -> `rounding` + * `set_rounding` -> `setrounding` + * `with_rounding` -> `setrounding` + + * The method `A_ldiv_B!(SparseMatrixCSC, StridedVecOrMat)` has been deprecated + in favor of versions that require the matrix to be in factored form + ([#13496]). + + * `chol(A,Val{:U/:L})` has been deprecated in favor of `chol(A)` ([#13680]). + + * `rem1(x,y)` is discontinued due to inconsistency for `x==0`. Use `mod1` instead ([#14140]). + + * The `FS` module has been renamed to `Filesystem`. Calling the functions `isreadable`, + `iswritable`, and `isexecutable` on filesystem paths has been deprecated ([#12819]). + + * `RemoteRef` has been deprecated in favor of `RemoteChannel` ([#14458]). + + * `super` has been renamed to `supertype` ([#14335]). + + * `parseip(str)` has been deprecated in favor of `parse(IPAddr, str)` ([#14676]). + + * `readall` has been renamed to `readstring`, and `readbytes` has been renamed to `read` ([#14608], [#14660]). + + * `fieldoffsets(x)` has been deprecated in favor of calling `fieldoffset(x, i)` on each field ([#14777]). + + * `issym` is deprecated in favor of `issymmetric` to match similar functions + (`ishermitian`, ...) ([#15192]). + + * `scale` is deprecated in favor of either `α*A`, `Diagonal(x)*A`, or `A*Diagonal(x)` ([#15258]). + + * `istext` has been renamed to `istextmime` ([#12872], [#15708]). + + * "Functor" types are no longer necessary and have been deprecated ([#15804]). To maintain + performance on older versions of Julia the [Compat.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaLang/Compat.jl/pull/184) + provides a `@functorize` macro. + + * `bitunpack(B)` and `bitpack(A)` have been deprecated in favor of + `Array(B)` and `BitArray(A)`, respectively ([#16010]). + + * `xdump` is removed, and `dump` now simply shows the full representation of a value. + `dump` should not be overloaded, since it is for examining concrete structure ([#4163]). + + * `sprandbool` has been deprecated in favor of `sprand(Bool, ...)` or + `sprand(rng, Bool, ...)` ([#11688], [#16098]). + + * The lowercase `symbol` function has been deprecated in favor of the `Symbol` + constructor ([#16154]). + + * `writemime` is deprecated, and output methods specifying a MIME type are now + methods of `show` ([#14052]). + + * BLAS utility functions `blas_set_num_threads`, `blas_vendor`, and `check_blas` + have been moved to the BLAS module as `BLAS.set_num_threads`, `BLAS.vendor`, + and `BLAS.check` ([#10548], [#16600]). + + * `print_escaped` has been renamed to `escape_string`, `print_unescaped` has been + renamed to `unescape_string`, and `print_joined` has been renamed to `join` ([#16603]). + + * `pointer_to_string` has been renamed to `unsafe_wrap(String, ...)`, and + `pointer_to_array` has been renamed to `unsafe_wrap(Array, ...)` ([#16731]). + + * `sub` and `slice` have been deprecated in favor of `view` ([#16972]). + + * Sparse matrix functions `etree`, `ereach`, `csc_permute`, and `symperm` have been moved + to the [SuiteSparse.jl package](https://github.com/JuliaSparse/SuiteSparse.jl) ([#12231], [#17033]). + + * The no-op `transpose` fallback for non-numeric arrays has been deprecated. Consider introducing suitable + `transpose` methods or calling `permutedims(x, (2, 1))` for matrices and `reshape(x, 1, length(x))` for + vectors. ([#13171], [#17075], [#17374]). + + * The following macros have been deprecated ([#16219]): + * `@windows` is deprecated in favor of `is_windows()` + * `@unix` is deprecated in favor of `is_unix()` + * `@osx` is deprecated in favor of `is_apple()` + * `@linux` is deprecated in favor of `is_linux()` + * `@windows_only` is deprecated in favor of `if is_windows()` + * `@unix_only` is deprecated in favor of `if is_unix()` + * `@osx_only` is deprecated in favor of `if is_apple()` + * `@linux_only` is deprecated in favor of `if is_linux()` + * NOTE: Using `@static` could be useful/necessary when used in a function's local scope. See details at the section entitled [Handling Operating System Variation](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/handling-operating-system-variation/#man-handling-operating-system-variation) in the manual. + +Command-line option changes +--------------------------- + + * The `-F` flag to load `~/.juliarc` has been deprecated in favor of + `--startup-file=yes` ([#9482]). + + * The `-f` and `--no-startup` flags to disable loading of `~/.juliarc` have + been deprecated in favor of `--startup-file=no` ([#9482]). + + * The `-P` and `--post-boot` flags for evaluating an expression in "interactive mode" + have been deprecated in favor of `-i -e` ([#16854]). + + * The `--no-history-file` flag to disable loading of `~/.julia_history` has been + deprecated in favor of `--history-file=no` ([#9482]). + +Language tooling improvements +----------------------------- + + * The [Julia debugger](https://github.com/Keno/Gallium.jl) makes its debut + with this release. Install it with `Pkg.add("Gallium")`, and the + [documentation](https://github.com/Keno/Gallium.jl#gallium) should + get you going. The [JuliaCon + talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6-hcOHO0tc&list=PLP8iPy9hna6SQPwZUDtAM59-wPzCPyD_S&index=5) + on Gallium shows off various features of the debugger. + + * The [Juno IDE](http://junolab.org) has matured significantly, and now + also includes support for plotting and debugging. + + * [Cxx.jl](https://github.com/Keno/Cxx.jl) provides a convenient FFI for + calling C++ code from Julia. + +Julia v0.4.0 Release Notes +========================== + +New language features +--------------------- + + * Function call overloading: for arbitrary objects `x` (not of type + `Function`), `x(...)` is transformed into `call(x, ...)`, and `call` + can be overloaded as desired. Constructors are now a special case of + this mechanism, which allows e.g. constructors for abstract types. + `T(...)` falls back to `convert(T, x)`, so all `convert` methods implicitly + define a constructor ([#8712], [#2403]). + + * Unicode version 8 is now supported for identifiers etcetera ([#7917], [#12031]). + + * Type parameters now permit any `isbits` type, not just `Int` and `Bool` ([#6081]). + + * Keyword argument names can be computed, using syntax such as `f(; symbol => val)` ([#7704]). + + * The syntax `@generated function` enables generation of specialized methods based on + argument types. At compile time, the function is called with its arguments bound to their + types instead of to their values. The function then returns an expression forming the + body of the function to be called at run time ([#7311]). + + * [Documentation system](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/documentation/) + for functions, methods, types and macros in packages and user code ([#8791]). + + * The syntax `function foo end` can be used to introduce a generic function without + yet adding any methods ([#8283]). + + * Incremental precompilation of modules: call `VERSION >= v"0.4.0-dev+6521" && __precompile__()` at the top of a + module file to automatically precompile it when it is imported ([#12491]), or manually + run `Base.compilecache(modulename)`. The resulting precompiled `.ji` file is saved in + `~/.julia/lib/v0.4` ([#8745]). + + * See manual section on `Module initialization and precompilation` (under `Modules`) for + details and errata. In particular, to be safely precompilable a module may need an + `__init__` function to separate code that must be executed at runtime rather than precompile + time. Modules that are *not* precompilable should call `__precompile__(false)`. + + * The precompiled `.ji` file includes a list of dependencies (modules and files that + were imported/included at precompile-time), and the module is automatically recompiled + upon `import` when any of its dependencies have changed. Explicit dependencies + on other files can be declared with `include_dependency(path)` ([#12458]). + + * New option `--output-incremental={yes|no}` added to invoke the equivalent of `Base.compilecache` + from the command line. + + * The syntax `new{parameters...}(...)` can be used in constructors to specify parameters for + the type to be constructed ([#8135]). + + * `++` is now parsed as an infix operator, but does not yet have a default definition ([#11030], [#11686]). + + * Support for inter-task communication using `Channels` ([#12264]). + See https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/parallel-computing/#channels for details. + + * `RemoteRef`s now point to remote channels. The remote channels can be of length greater than 1. + Default continues to be of length 1 ([#12385]). + See https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/parallel-computing/#remoterefs-and-abstractchannels for details. + + * `@__LINE__` special macro now available to reflect invocation source line number ([#12727]). + +Language changes +---------------- + + * Tuple types are now written as `Tuple{A, B}` instead of as `(A, B)`. + Tuples of bits types are inlined into structs and arrays, like other + immutable types. + `...` now does splatting inside parentheses, instead of constructing a + variadic tuple type ([#10380]). + Variadic tuple types are written as `Tuple{Vararg{T}}`. + + * Using `[x,y]` to concatenate arrays is deprecated, and in the future will + construct a vector of `x` and `y` instead ([#3737], [#2488], [#8599]). + + * Significant improvements to `ccall` and `cfunction` + + * As a safer alternative to creating pointers (`Ptr`), the managed reference type + `Ref` has been added. A `Ref` points to the data contained by a value in an + abstract sense, and in a way that is GC-safe. For example, `Ref(2)` points to + a storage location that contains the integer `2`, and `Ref(array,3)` points + to the third element of an array. A `Ref` can be automatically converted to a + native pointer when passed to a `ccall`. + + * When passing a by-reference argument to `ccall`, you can declare + the argument type to be `Ref{T}` instead of `Ptr{T}`, and just + pass `x` instead of `&x`. + + * `ccall` is now lowered to call `unsafe_convert(T, cconvert(T, x))` on each + argument. `cconvert` falls back to `convert`, but can be used to convert an + argument to an arbitrarily-different representation more suitable for passing + to C. `unsafe_convert` then handles conversions to `Ptr`. + + * `ccall` and `cfunction` now support correctly passing and returning structs, + following the platform ABI (assuming the C types are mirrored accurately in Julia). + + * `cfunction` arguments of struct-like Julia types are now passed by value. + If `Ref{T}` is used as a `cfunction` argument type, it will look up the + method applicable to `T`, but pass the argument by reference (as Julia functions + usually do). However, this should only be used for objects allocated by Julia + and for `isbits` types. + + * `convert(Ptr,x)` is deprecated for most types, replaced by + `unsafe_convert`. You can still `convert` between pointer types, + and between pointers and `Int` or `UInt`. + + * Module `__init__` methods no longer swallow thrown exceptions; they now + throw an `InitError` wrapping the thrown exception ([#12576]). + + * Unsigned `BigInt` literal syntax has been removed ([#11105]). + Unsigned literals larger than `UInt128` now throw a syntax error. + + * `error(::Exception)` and `error(::Type{Exception})` have been deprecated + in favor of using an explicit `throw` ([#9690]). + + * `Uint` etcetera are renamed to `UInt` ([#8905]). + + * `String` is renamed to `AbstractString` ([#8872]). + + * `FloatingPoint` is renamed to `AbstractFloat` ([#12162]). + + * `None` is deprecated; use `Union{}` instead ([#8423]). + + * `Nothing` (the type of `nothing`) is renamed to `Void` ([#8423]). + + * Arrays can be constructed with the syntax `Array{T}(m,n)` ([#3214], [#10075]). + + * `Dict` literal syntax `[a=>b,c=>d]` is replaced by `Dict(a=>b,c=>d)`, + `{a=>b}` is replaced by `Dict{Any,Any}(a=>b)`, and + `(K=>V)[...]` is replaced by `Dict{K,V}(...)`. + The new syntax has many advantages: all of its components are first-class, + it generalizes to other types of containers, it is easier to guess how to + specify key and value types, and the syntaxes for empty and pre-populated + dicts are synchronized. As part of this change, `=>` is parsed as a normal + operator, and `Base` defines it to construct `Pair` objects ([#6739]). + + * `Char` is no longer a subtype of `Integer` ([#8816]). + Char now supports a more limited set of operations with `Integer` types: + + * comparison / equality + * `Char` + `Int` = `Char` + * `Char` - `Char` = `Int` + + * `round` rounds to the nearest integer using the default rounding mode, + which is ties-to-even by default ([#8750]). + + * A custom triple-quoted string like `x"""..."""` no longer invokes an `x_mstr` + macro. Instead, the string is first unindented and then `x_str` is invoked, + as if the string had been single-quoted ([#10228]). + + * Colons (`:`) within indexing expressions are no longer lowered to the range + `1:end`. Instead, the `:` identifier is passed directly. Custom array types + that implement `getindex` or `setindex!` methods must also extend those + methods to support arguments of type `Colon` ([#10331]). + + * Unions of types should now be written with curly braces instead of parentheses, i.e. + `Union{Type1, Type2}` instead of `Union(Type1, Type2)` ([#11432]). + + * The keyword `local` is no longer allowed in global scope. Use `let` instead of + `begin` to create a new scope from the top level ([#7234], [#10472]). + + * Triple-quoted strings no longer treat tabs as 8 spaces. Instead, the + longest common prefix of spaces and tabs is removed. + + * `global x` in a nested scope is now a syntax error if `x` is local + to the enclosing scope ([#7264]/[#11985]). + + * The default `importall Base.Operators` is deprecated, and relying on it + will give a warning ([#8113]). + + * `remotecall_fetch` and `fetch` now rethrow any uncaught remote exception locally as a + `RemoteException`. Previously they would return the remote exception object. + The worker pid, remote exception and remote backtrace are available in the + thrown `RemoteException`. + + * If any of the enclosed async operations in a `@sync` block throw exceptions, they + are now collected in a `CompositeException` and the `CompositeException` thrown. + + +Command line option changes +--------------------------- + + * The `-i` option now forces the REPL to run after loading the specified script (if any) ([#11347]). + + * New option `--handle-signals={yes|no}` to disable Julia's signal handlers. + + * The `--depwarn={yes|no|error}` option enables/disables syntax and method deprecation warnings, + or turns them into errors ([#9294]). + + * Some command line options are slated for deprecation / removal + - `-f, --no-startup` Don't load ~/.juliarc (deprecated, use --startup-file=no) + - `-F` Load ~/.juliarc (deprecated, use --startup-file=yes)` + - `-P, --post-boot ` Evaluate , but don't disable interactive mode (deprecated, use -i -e instead) + - `--no-history-file` Don't load history file (deprecated, use --history-file=no) + +Compiler/Runtime improvements +----------------------------- + + * Functions may be annotated with metadata (`:meta` expressions) to be used by the compiler ([#8297]). + + * `@inline` before a function definition forces the compiler to inline the function ([#8297]). + + * Loads from heap-allocated immutables are hoisted out of loops in more cases ([#8867]). + + * Accessing fields that are always initialized no longer produces undefined checks ([#8827]). + + * New generational garbage collector which greatly reduces GC overhead for many common workloads ([#5227]). + +Library improvements +-------------------- + + * Build with USE_GPL_LIBS=0 to exclude all GPL libraries and code ([#10870]). + + * Linear algebra + + * The `LinAlg` module is now exported. + + * `sparse(A)` now takes any `AbstractMatrix` A as an argument ([#10031]). + + * Factorization API is now type-stable; functions dispatch on `Val{false}` or `Val{true}` instead of a boolean value ([#9575]). + + * Added generic Cholesky factorization, and the Cholesky factorization is now parametrized by the matrix type ([#7236]). + + * Sparse `cholfact` and `ldltfact` functions now accept a `perm` keyword + for user-provided permutations and a `shift` keyword to factorize + a shifted matrix ([#10844]). + + * New `svds` function for the sparse truncated SVD ([#9425]). + + * `Symmetric` and `Hermitian` immutables are now parametrized by the matrix type ([#7992]). + + * New `ordschur` and `ordschur!` functions for sorting a Schur factorization by the eigenvalues ([#8467],[#9701]). + + * `Givens` type doesn't have a size anymore and is no longer a subtype of `AbstractMatrix` ([#8660]). + + * Large speedup in sparse `\` and splitting of Cholesky and LDLᵀ factorizations into `cholfact` and `ldltfact` ([#10117]). + + * Add sparse least squares to `\` by adding `qrfact` for sparse matrices based on the SPQR library ([#10180]). + + * Split `Triangular` type into `UpperTriangular`, `LowerTriangular`, `UnitUpperTriagular` and `UnitLowerTriangular` ([#9779]) + + * OpenBLAS 64-bit (ILP64) interface is now compiled with a `64_` suffix ([#8734]) to avoid conflicts with external libraries using a 32-bit BLAS ([#4923]). + + * New `vecdot` function, analogous to `vecnorm`, for Euclidean inner products over any iterable container ([#11067]). + + * `p = plan_fft(x)` and similar functions now return a `Base.DFT.Plan` object, rather + than an anonymous function. Calling it via `p(x)` is deprecated in favor of + `p * x` or `p \ x` (for the inverse), and it can also be used with `A_mul_B!` + to employ pre-allocated output arrays ([#12087]). + + * `LU{T,Tridiagonal{T}}` now supports extraction of `L`, `U`, `p`, and `P` factors ([#12137]). + + * Allocations in sparse matrix factorizations are now tracked by Julia's garbage collector ([#12034]). + + * Strings + + * NUL-terminated strings should now be passed to C via the new `Cstring` type, not `Ptr{UInt8}` or `Ptr{Cchar}`, + in order to check whether the string is free of NUL characters (which would cause silent truncation in C). + The analogous type `Cwstring` should be used for NUL-terminated `wchar_t*` strings ([#10994]). + + * `graphemes(s)` returns an iterator over grapheme substrings of `s` ([#9261]). + + * Character predicates such as `islower()`, `isspace()`, etc. use + utf8proc to provide uniform cross-platform behavior and + up-to-date, locale-independent support for Unicode standards + ([#5939]). + + * `reverseind` function to convert indices in reversed strings (e.g. from + reversed regex searches) to indices in the original string ([#9249]). + + * `charwidth(c)` and `strwidth(s)` now return up-to-date cross-platform + results (via utf8proc) ([#10659]): Julia now likes pizza ([#3721]), but some terminals still don't. + + * `is_valid_char(c)`, (now `isvalid(Char,c)` ([#11241])), now correctly handles Unicode "non-characters", which are valid Unicode codepoints ([#11171]). + + * Backreferences in replacement strings in calls to `replace` with a `Regex` pattern are now supported ([#11849]). + Use the `s` string prefix to indicate a replacement string contains a backreference. For example, `replace("ab", r"(.)(.)", s"\2\1")` yields "ba". + + * Capture groups in regular expressions can now be named using PCRE syntax, `(?P...)`. Capture group matches can be accessed by name by indexing a `Match` object with the name of the group ([#11566]). + + * `countlines()` now counts all lines, not just non-empty ([#11947]). + + * Array and AbstractArray improvements + + * New multidimensional iterators and index types for efficient iteration over `AbstractArray`s. Array iteration should generally be written as `for i in eachindex(A) ... end` rather than `for i = 1:length(A) ... end` ([#8432]). + + * New implementation of SubArrays with substantial performance and functionality improvements ([#8501]). + + * AbstractArray subtypes only need to implement `size` and `getindex` + for scalar indices to support indexing; all other indexing behaviors + (including logical indexing, ranges of indices, vectors, colons, etc.) are + implemented in default fallbacks. Similarly, they only need to implement + scalar `setindex!` to support all forms of indexed assingment ([#10525]). + + * AbstractArrays that do not extend `similar` now return an `Array` by + default ([#10525]). + + * Data structures + + * New `sortperm!` function for pre-allocated index arrays ([#8792]). + + * Switch from `O(N)` to `O(log N)` algorithm for `dequeue!(pq, key)` + with `PriorityQueue`. This provides major speedups for large + queues ([#8011]). + + * `PriorityQueue` now includes the order type among its + parameters, `PriorityQueue{KeyType,ValueType,OrderType}`. An + empty queue can be constructed as `pq = + PriorityQueue(KeyType,ValueType)`, if you intend to use the + default `Forward` order, or `pq = PriorityQueue(KeyType, + ValueType, OrderType)` otherwise ([#8011]). + + * Efficient `mean` and `median` for ranges ([#8089]). + + * `deepcopy` recurses through immutable types and makes copies of their mutable fields ([#8560]). + + * `copy(a::DArray)` will now make a copy of a `DArray` ([#9745]). + + * New types + + * Enums are now supported through the `@enum EnumName EnumValue1 + EnumValue2` syntax. Enum member values also support abitrary + value assignment by the `@enum EnumName EnumValue1=1 + EnumValue2=10 EnumValue3=20` syntax ([#10168]). + + * New `Dates` module for calendar dates and other time-interval calculations ([#7654]). + + * New `Nullable` type for missing data ([#8152]). + + * A new `Val{T}` type allows one to dispatch on bits-type values ([#9452]). + + * `linspace` now returns a `LinSpace` object which lazily computes linear interpolation of values between the start and stop values. It "lifts" endpoints which are approximately rational in the same manner as the `colon` operator. + + * Arithmetic + + * `convert` now checks for overflow when truncating integers or converting between + signed and unsigned ([#5413]). + + * Arithmetic is type-preserving for more types; e.g. `(x::Int8) + (y::Int8)` now + yields an `Int8` ([#3759]). + + * Reductions (e.g. `reduce`, `sum`) widen small types (integers smaller than `Int`, and `Float16`). + + * Added optional rounding argument to floating-point constructors ([#8845]). + + * Equality (`==`) and inequality (`<`/`<=`) comparisons are now correct + across all numeric types ([#9133], [#9198]). + + * Rational arithmetic throws errors on overflow ([#8672]). + + * Optional `log` and `log1p` functions implemented in pure Julia (experimental) ([#10008]). + + * The `MathConst` type has been renamed `Irrational` ([#11922]). + + * `isapprox` now has simpler and more sensible default tolerances ([#12393]), supports arrays, and has synonyms `≈` ([U+2248](http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2248/index.htm), LaTeX `\approx`) and `≉` ([U+2249](http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2249/index.htm), LaTeX `\napprox`) for `isapprox` and `!isapprox`, respectively ([#12472]). + + * Numbers + + * `primes` is now faster and has been extended to generate the primes in a user defined closed interval ([#12025]). + + * The function `primesmask` which generates a prime sieve for a user defined closed interval is now exported ([#12025]). + + * Random numbers + + * Streamlined random number generation APIs [#8246]. + The default `rand` no longer uses global state in the underlying C library, + dSFMT, making it closer to being thread-safe ([#8399], [#8832]). + All APIs can now take an `AbstractRNG` argument ([#8854], [#9065]). The seed argument to `srand` is now optional ([#8320], [#8854]). + The APIs accepting a range argument are extended to accept an arbitrary + `AbstractArray` ([#9049]). + Passing a range of `BigInt` to `rand` or `rand!` is now supported ([#9122]). + There are speed improvements across the board ([#8808], [#8941], [#8958], [#9083]). + + * Significantly faster `randn` ([#9126], [#9132]). + + * The `randexp` and `randexp!` functions are exported ([#9144]). + + * File + + * Added function `readlink` which returns the value of a symbolic link "path" ([#10714]). + + * Added function `ismount` which checks if a directory is a mount point ([#11279]). + + * The `cp` function now accepts keyword arguments `remove_destination` and `follow_symlinks` ([#10888]). + + * The `mv` function now accepts keyword argument `remove_destination` ([#11145]). + + * `Pipe()` creates a bidirectional I/O object that can be passed to `spawn` or `pipeline` + for redirecting process streams ([#12739]). + + * Other improvements + + * You can now tab-complete emoji via their [short names](http://www.emoji-cheat-sheet.com/), using `\:name:` ([#10709]). + + * `gc_enable` subsumes `gc_disable`, and also returns the previous GC state. + + * `assert`, `@assert` now throws an `AssertionError` exception type ([#9734]). + + * `@simd` now rejects invalid control flow (`@goto` / break / continue) in the inner loop body at compile time ([#8624]). + + * The `machinefile` now supports a host count ([#7616]). + + * `code_native` now outputs branch labels ([#8897]). + + * Added `recvfrom` to get source address of UDP packets ([#9418]). + + * `ClusterManager` performance improvements ([#9309]) and support for changing transports([#9434]). + + * Added `Base.get_process_title` / `Base.set_process_title` ([#9957]). + + * `readavailable` now returns a byte vector instead of a string. + + * New `lock` and `unlock` functions, operating on `ReentrantLock`, to lock a stream during + concurrent writes from multiple tasks ([#10679]). + + * `code_llvm` now outputs stripped IR without debug info or other attached metadata. + Use `code_llvm_raw` for the unstripped output ([#10747]). + + * New `withenv(var=>val, ...) do ... end` function to temporarily + modify environment variables ([#10914]). + + * New function `relpath` returns a relative filepath to path either from the current + directory or from an optional start directory ([#10893]). + + * `mktemp` and `mktempdir` now take an optional argument to set which + directory the temporary file or directory is created in. + + * New garbage collector tracked memory allocator functions: `jl_malloc`, `jl_calloc`, + `jl_realloc`, and `jl_free` with libc API ([[#12034]]). + + * `mktempdir` and `mktemp` now have variants that take a function as its + first argument for automated clean-up ([[#9017]]). + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + + * several syntax whitespace insensitivities have been deprecated ([#11891]). + ```julia + # function call + f (x) + + # getindex + x [17] + rand(2) [1] + + # function definition + f (x) = x^2 + function foo (x) + x^2 + end + ``` + + * indexing with `Real`s that are not subtypes of `Integer` (`Rational`, `AbstractFloat`, etc.) has been deprecated ([#10458]). + + * `push!(A)` has been deprecated, use `append!` instead of splatting arguments to `push!` ([#10400]). + + * `names` for composite datatypes has been deprecated and + renamed to `fieldnames` ([#10332]). + + * `DArray` functionality has been removed from `Base` and is now a + standalone package under the JuliaParallel umbrella organization ([#10333]). + + * The `Graphics` module has been removed from `Base` and is now a + standalone package ([#10150], [#9862]). + + * The `Woodbury` special matrix type has been removed from `LinAlg` ([#10024]). + + * `median` and `median!` no longer accept a `checknan` keyword argument ([#8605]). + + * `inf` and `nan` are now deprecated in favor of `T(Inf)` and `T(NaN)`, respectively ([#8776]). + + * `oftype(T::Type, x)` is deprecated in favor of `convert(T,x)` (or `T(x)`). + + * `{...}` syntax is deprecated in favor of `Any[...]` ([#8578]). + + * `itrunc`, `ifloor`, `iceil` and `iround` are deprecated in favour of + `trunc{T<:Integer}(T,x)`, `floor{T<:Integer}(T,x)`, etc.. `trunc` is now + always bound-checked;`Base.unsafe_trunc` provides the old unchecked `itrunc` + behaviour ([#9133]). + + * `squeeze` now requires that passed dimension(s) are an `Int` or tuple of `Int`s; + calling `squeeze` with an arbitrary iterator is deprecated ([#9271]). + Additionally, passed dimensions must be unique and correspond to extant + dimensions of the input array. + + * `randbool` is deprecated. Use `rand(Bool)` to produce a random boolean value, and + `bitrand` to produce a random BitArray ([#9105], [#9569]). + + * `beginswith` is renamed to `startswith` ([#9578]). + + * `null` is renamed to `nullspace` ([#9714]). + + * The operators `|>`, `.>`, `>>`, and `.>>` as used for process I/O redirection + are replaced with the `pipeline` function ([#5349], [#12739]). + + * `flipud(A)` and `fliplr(A)` have been deprecated in favor of `flipdim(A, 1)` and + `flipdim(A, 2)`, respectively ([#10446]). + + * Numeric conversion functions whose names are lower-case versions of type + names have been removed. To convert a scalar, use the type name, e.g. + `Int32(x)`. To convert an array to a different element type, use + `Array{T}(x)`, `map(T,x)`, or `round(T,x)`. To parse a string as an integer + or floating-point number, use `parse` ([#1470], [#6211]). + + * Low-level functions from the C library and dynamic linker have been moved to + modules `Libc` and `Libdl`, respectively ([#10328]). + + * The functions `parseint`, `parsefloat`, `float32_isvalid`, + `float64_isvalid`, and the string-argument `BigInt` and `BigFloat` have + been replaced by `parse` and `tryparse` with a type argument. The string + macro `big"xx"` can be used to construct `BigInt` and `BigFloat` literals + ([#3631], [#5704], [#9487], [#10543], [#10955]). + + * the `--int-literals` compiler option is no longer accepted ([#9597]). + + * Instead of `linrange`, use `linspace` ([#9666]). + + * The functions `is_valid_char`, `is_valid_ascii`, `is_valid_utf8`, `is_valid_utf16`, and + `is_valid_utf32` have been replaced by generic `isvalid` methods. + The single argument form `isvalid(value)` can now be used for values of type `Char`, `ASCIIString`, + `UTF8String`, `UTF16String` and `UTF32String`. + The two argument form `isvalid(type, value)` can be used with the above types, with values + of type `Vector{UInt8}`, `Vector{UInt16}`, `Vector{UInt32}`, and `Vector{Char}` ([#11241]). + + * Instead of `utf32(64,123,...)` use `utf32(UInt32[64,123,...])` ([#11379]). + + * `start_timer` and `stop_timer` are replaced by `Timer` and `close`. + + * The following internal julia C functions have been renamed, in order to prevent + potential naming conflicts with C libraries: ([#11741]) + + * `gc_wb*` -> `jl_gc_wb*` + + * `gc_queue_root` -> `jl_gc_queue_root` + + * `allocobj` -> `jl_gc_allocobj` + + * `alloc_[0-3]w` -> `jl_gc_alloc_*w` + + * `diff_gc_total_bytes` -> `jl_gc_diff_total_bytes` + + * `sync_gc_total_bytes` -> `jl_gc_sync_total_bytes` + + * `require(::AbstractString)` and `reload` (see news about addition of `compile`). + + * `cartesianmap` is deprecated in favor of iterating over a `CartesianRange` + +Julia v0.3.0 Release Notes +========================== + +New language features +--------------------- + + * Greatly enhanced performance for passing and returning `Tuple`s ([#4042]). + + * `Tuple`s (of `Integer`s, `Symbol`s, or `Bool`s) can now be used as type + parameters ([#5164]). + + * An additional default "inner" constructor accepting any arguments is now + generated. Constructors that look like `MyType(a, b) = new(a, b)` do not + need to be added manually ([#4026], [#7071]). + + * Expanded array type hierarchy to include an abstract `DenseArray` for + in-memory arrays with standard strided storage ([#987], [#2345], + [#6212]). + + * When reloading code, types whose definitions have not changed can be + ignored in some cases. + + * Binary `~` now parses as a vararg macro call to `@~`. + For example `x~y~z` => `@~ x y z` ([#4882]). + + * Structure fields can now be accessed by index ([#4806]). + + * If a module contains a function `__init__()`, it will be called when + the module is first loaded, and on process startup if a pre-compiled + version of the module is present ([#1268]). + + * Multi-line comments ([#69], [#6128]): `#= .... =#` + + * `--check-bounds=yes|no` compiler option + + * Unicode identifiers are normalized (NFC) so that different encodings + of equivalent strings are treated as the same identifier ([#5462]). + + * The set of characters permitted in identifiers has been restricted based + on Unicode categories. Generally, punctuation, formatting and control + characters, and operator symbols are not allowed in identifiers. + Number-like characters cannot begin identifiers ([#5936]). + + * Define a limited number of infix Unicode operators ([#552], [#6582]): + + | Precedence class | Operators (with synonyms, if any) + | ---------------- | --------------------------------- + | == | ≥ (>=) ≤ (<=) ≡ (===) ≠ (!=) ≢ (!==) .≥ (.>=) .≤ (.<=) .!= (.≠) ∈ (`in`) ∉ (`(x,y)->!in(x, y)`) ∋ (`(x,y)->in(y, x)`) ∌ (`(x,y)->!in(y, x)`) ⊆ (`issubset`) ⊈ (`(x,y)->!issubset(x, y)`) ⊊ (`(x,y)->x⊆y && x!=y`) | + | + | ∪ (`union`) | + | * | ÷ (`div`) ⋅ (`dot`) × (`cross`) ∩ (`intersect`) | + | unary | √ ∛ | + + In addition to these, many of the Unicode operator symbols are parsed + as infix operators and are available for user-defined methods ([#6929]). + + * Improved reporting of syntax errors ([#6179]) + + * `break` inside a `for` loop with multiple ranges now exits the entire loop nest ([#5154]) + + * Local goto statements using the `@goto` and `@label` macros ([#101]). + +REPL improvements +----------------- + + * New native-Julia REPL implementation, eliminating many problems + stemming from the old GNU Readline-based REPL ([#6270]). + + * Tab-substitution of LaTeX math symbols (e.g. `\alpha` by `α`) ([#6911]). + This also works in IJulia and in Emacs ([#6920]). + + * `workspace()` function for obtaining a fresh workspace ([#1195]). + +Library improvements +-------------------- + + * `isequal` now compares all numbers by value, ignoring type ([#6624]). + + * Implement limited shared-memory parallelism with `SharedArray`s ([#5380]). + + * Well-behaved floating-point ranges ([#2333], [#5636]). + Introduced the `FloatRange` type for floating-point ranges with a step, + which will give intuitive/correct results for classically problematic + ranges like `0.1:0.1:0.3`, `0.0:0.7:2.1` or `1.0:1/49:27.0`. + + * `mod2pi` function ([#4799], [#4862]). + + * New functions `minmax` and `extrema` ([#5275]). + + * New macros `@edit`, `@less`, `@code_typed`, `@code_lowered`, `@code_llvm` and `@code_native` that all function like `@which` ([#5832]). + + * `consume(p)` extended to `consume(p, args...)`, allowing it + to optionally pass `args...` back to the producer ([#4775]). + + * `.juliarc.jl` is now loaded for both script and REPL execution ([#5076]). + + * The `Sys` module now includes convenient functions for working with + dynamic library handles; `Sys.dllist` will list out all paths currently + loaded via `dlopen`, and `Sys.dlpath` will lookup a path from a handle + + * `readdlm` treats multiple whitespace characters as a single delimiter + by default (when no delimiter is specified). This is useful for reading + fixed-width or messy whitespace-delimited data ([#5403]). + + * The Airy, Bessel, Hankel, and related functions (`airy*`, + `bessel*`, `hankel*`) now detect errors returned by the underlying + AMOS library, throwing an `AmosException` in that case ([#4967]). + + * `methodswith` now returns an array of `Method`s ([#5464]) rather + than just printing its results. + + * `errno([code])` function to get or set the C library's `errno`. + + * `GitHub` module for interacting with the GitHub API. + + * Package improvements + + * Packages are now installed into `.julia/v0.3` by default (or + whatever the current Julia version is), so that different + versions of Julia can co-exist with incompatible packages. + Existing `.julia` installations are unaffected unless `Pkg.init()` + is run to re-create the package directories ([#3344], [#5737]). + + * `Pkg.submit(pkg[,commit])` function to automatically submit + a GitHub pull request to the package author. + + * Collections improvements + + * `Array` assignment (e.g. `x[:] = y`) ignores singleton dimensions + and allows the last dimension of one side to match all trailing dimensions + of the other ([#4048], [#4383]). + + * `Dict(kv)` constructor for any iterator on `(key,value)` pairs. + + * Multi-key `Dict`s: `D[x,y...]` is now a synonym for `D[(x,y...)]` + for associations `D` ([#4870]). + + * `push!` and `unshift!` can push multiple arguments ([#4782]). + + * `writedlm` and `writecsv` now accept any iterable collection of + iterable rows, in addition to `AbstractArray` arguments, and the + `writedlm` delimiter can be any printable object (e.g. a + `String`) instead of just a `Char`. + + * `isempty` now works for any iterable collection ([#5827]). + + * `unique` now accepts an optional `dim` argument for finding + unique rows or columns of a matrix or regions of a + multidimensional array ([#5811]). + + * `Number` improvements + + * The `ImaginaryUnit` type no longer exists. Instead, `im` is of type + `Complex{Bool}`. Making this work required changing the semantics of + boolean multiplication to approximately, `true * x = x` and + `false * x = zero(x)`, which can itself be considered useful ([#5468]). + + * `big` is now vectorized ([#4766]) + + * `nextpow` and `prevpow` now return the `a^n` values instead of the + exponent `n` ([#4819]) + + * Overflow detection in `parseint` ([#4874]). + + * `rand` now supports arbitrary `Ranges` arguments ([#5059]). + + * `expm1` and `log1p` now support complex arguments ([#3141]). + + * Broadcasting `.//` is now included ([#7094]). + + * `prevfloat` and `nextfloat` now saturate at -Inf and Inf, + respectively, and have otherwise been fixed to follow the IEEE-754 + standard functions `nextDown` and `nextUp` ([#5025]). + + * New function `widen` for widening numeric types and values, and `widemul` + for multiplying to a larger type ([#6169]). + + * `polygamma`, `digamma`, and `trigamma` now accept complex + arguments, and `zeta(s, z)` now provides the Hurwitz zeta ([#7125]). + + * Narrow integer types (< 32 bits) are promoted to `Float64` rather + than to `Float32` by `float(x)` ([#7390]). + + * `String` improvements + + * Triple-quoted regex strings, `r"""..."""` ([#4934]). + + * New string type, `UTF16String` ([#4930]), constructed by + `utf16(s)` from another string, a `Uint16` array or pointer, or + a byte array (possibly prefixed by a byte-order marker to + indicate endian-ness). Its data is internally `NULL`-terminated + for passing to C ([#7016]). + + * `CharString` is renamed to `UTF32String` ([#4943]), and its data + is now internally `NULL`-terminated for passing to C ([#7016]). + `CharString(c::Char...)` is deprecated in favor of `utf32(c...)`, + and `utf32(s)` otherwise has functionality similar to `utf16(s)`. + + * New `WString` and `wstring` synonyms for either `UTF16String` + and `utf16` or `UTF32String` and `utf32`, respectively, depending + on the width of `Cwchar_t` ([#7016]). + + * `normalize_string` function to perform Unicode normalization, + case-folding, and other transformations ([#5576]). + + * `pointer(s, i=1)` for `ByteString`, `UTF16String`, `UTF32String`, + and `SubString`s thereof ([#5703]). + + * `bytestring` is automatically called on `String` arguments for + conversion to `Ptr{Uint8}` in `ccall` ([#5677]). + + * Linear algebra improvements + + * Balancing options for eigenvector calculations for general matrices ([#5428]). + + * Mutating linear algebra functions no longer promote ([#5526]). + + * `condskeel` for Skeel condition numbers ([#5726]). + + * `norm(::Matrix)` no longer calculates a vector norm when the first + dimension is one ([#5545]); it always uses the operator (induced) + matrix norm. + + * New `vecnorm(itr, p=2)` function that computes the norm of + any iterable collection of numbers as if it were a vector of + the same length. This generalizes and replaces `normfro` ([#6057]), + and `norm` is now type-stable ([#6056]). + + * New `UniformScaling` matrix type and identity `I` constant ([#5810]). + + * None of the concrete matrix factorization types are exported from `Base` + by default anymore. + + * Sparse linear algebra + + * 1-d sparse `getindex` has been implemented ([#7047]) + + * Faster sparse `getindex` ([#7131]). + + * Faster sparse `kron` ([#4958]). + + * `sparse(A) \ B` now supports a matrix `B` of right-hand sides ([#5196]). + + * `eigs(A, sigma)` now uses shift-and-invert for nonzero shifts `sigma` and inverse iteration for `which="SM"`. If `sigma==nothing` (the new default), computes ordinary (forward) iterations ([#5776]). + + * `sprand` is faster, and whether any entry is nonzero is now determined independently with the specified probability ([#6726]). + + * Dense linear algebra for special matrix types + + * Interconversions between the special matrix types `Diagonal`, `Bidiagonal`, + `SymTridiagonal`, `Triangular`, and `Triangular`, and `Matrix` are now allowed + for matrices which are representable in both source and destination types ([5e3f074b]). + + * Allow for addition and subtraction over mixed matrix types, automatically promoting + the result to the denser matrix type ([a448e080], [#5927]) + + * new algorithms for linear solvers and eigensystems of `Bidiagonal` + matrices of generic element types ([#5277]) + + * new algorithms for linear solvers, eigensystems and singular systems of `Diagonal` + matrices of generic element types ([#5263]) + + * new algorithms for linear solvers and eigensystems of `Triangular` + matrices of generic element types ([#5255]) + + * specialized `inv` and `det` methods for `Tridiagonal` and `SymTridiagonal` + based on recurrence relations between principal minors ([#5358]) + + * specialized `transpose`, `ctranspose`, `istril`, `istriu` methods for + `Triangular` ([#5255]) and `Bidiagonal` ([#5277]) + + * new LAPACK wrappers + - condition number estimate `cond(A::Triangular)` ([#5255]) + + * parametrize `Triangular` on matrix type ([#7064]) + + * Lyapunov / Sylvester solver ([#7435]) + + * `eigvals` for `Symmetric`, `Tridiagonal` and `Hermitian` matrices now + support additional method signatures: ([#3688], [#6652], [#6678], [#7647]) + - `eigvals(M, el, eu)` finds all eigenvalues in the interval `(el, eu]` + - `eigvals(M, il:iu)` finds the `il`th through the `iu`th eigenvalues (in ascending order) + + * Dense linear algebra for generic matrix element types + + * LU factorization ([#5381] and [#5430]) + + * QR factorization ([#5526]) + + * New function `deleteat!` deletes a specified index or indices and + returns the updated collection + + * The `setenv` function for external processes now accepts a `dir` keyword + argument for specifying the directory to start the child process in ([#4888]). + + * Constructors for collections (`Set`, `Dict`, etc.) now generally accept a + single iterable argument giving the elements of the collection ([#4996], [#4871]) + + * Ranges and arrays with the same elements are now unequal. This allows hashing + and comparing ranges to be faster ([#5778]). + + * Broadcasting now works on arbitrary `AbstractArrays` ([#5387]) + + * Reduction functions that accept a pre-allocated output array, including + `sum!`, `prod!`, `maximum!`, `minimum!`, `all!`, `any!` ([#6197], [#5387]) + + * Faster performance on `fill!` and `copy!` for array types not supporting + efficient linear indexing ([#5671], [#5387]) + + * Changes to range types ([#5585]) + + * `Range` is now the abstract range type, instead of `Ranges` + + * New function `range` for constructing ranges by length + + * `Range` is now `StepRange`, and `Range1` is now `UnitRange`. Their + constructors accept end points instead of lengths. Both are subtypes of a + new abstract type `OrdinalRange`. + + * Ranges now support `BigInt` and general ordinal types. + + * Very large ranges (e.g. `0:typemax(Int)`) can now be constructed, but some + operations (e.g. `length`) will raise an `OverflowError`. + + * Extended API for `cov` and `cor`, which accept keyword arguments `vardim`, + `corrected`, and `mean` ([#6273]) + + * New functions `randsubseq` and `randsubseq!` to create a random subsequence of an array ([#6726]) + + * New macro `@evalpoly` for efficient inline evaluation of polynomials ([#7146]). + + * The signal filtering function `filt` now accepts an optional initial filter state vector. A new in-place function `filt!` is also exported ([#7513]). + + * Significantly faster `cumsum` and `cumprod` ([#7359]). + + * Implement `findmin` and `findmax` over specified array dimensions ([#6716]). + + * Support memory-mapping of files with offsets on Windows ([#7242]). + + * Catch writes to protect memory, such as when trying to modify a mmapped file opened in read-only mode ([#3434]). + +Environment improvements +------------------------ + + * New `--code-coverage` and `--track-allocation` startup features allow one to measure the number of executions or the amount of memory allocated, respectively, at each line of code ([#5423],[#7464]). + + * `Profile.init` now accepts keyword arguments, and returns the current settings when no arguments are supplied ([#7365]). + +Build improvements +------------------ + + * Dependencies are now verified against stored MD5/SHA512 hashes, to ensure + that the correct file has been downloaded and was not modified ([#6773]). + + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + + * `convert(Ptr{T1}, x::Array{T2})` is now deprecated unless `T1 == T2` + or `T1 == Void` ([#6073]). (You can still explicitly `convert` + one pointer type into another if needed.) + + * `Sys.shlib_ext` has been renamed to `Sys.dlext` + + * `dense` is deprecated in favor of `full` ([#4759]). + + * The `Stat` type is renamed `StatStruct` ([#4670]). + + * `setrounding`, `rounding` and `setrounding` now take an additional + argument specifying the floating point type to which they apply. The old + behaviour and `[get/set/with]_bigfloat_rounding` functions are deprecated ([#5007]). + + * `cholpfact` and `qrpfact` are deprecated in favor of keyword arguments in + `cholfact(..., pivot=true)` and `qrfact(..., pivot=true)` ([#5330]). + + * `symmetrize!` is deprecated in favor of `Base.LinAlg.copytri!` ([#5427]). + + * `myindexes` has been renamed to `localindexes` ([#5475]). + + * `factorize!` is deprecated in favor of `factorize` ([#5526]). + + * `nnz` counts the number of structural nonzeros in a sparse + matrix. Use `countnz` for the actual number of nonzeros ([#6769]). + + * `setfield` is renamed `setfield!` ([#5748]). + + * `put` and `take` are renamed `put!` and `take!` ([#5511]). + + * `put!` now returns its first argument, the remote reference ([#5819]). + + * `read` methods that modify a passed array are now called `read!` ([#5970]) + + * `infs` and `nans` are deprecated in favor of the more general `fill`. + + * `*` and `div` are no longer supported for `Char`. + + * `Range` is renamed `StepRange` and `Range1` is renamed `UnitRange`. + `Ranges` is renamed `Range`. + + * `bitmix` is replaced by a 2-argument form of `hash`. + + * `readsfrom` and `writesto` are replaced by `open` ([#6948]). + + * `insert!` now throws a `BoundsError` if + `index > length(collection)+1` ([#7373]). + + * No longer exported from `Base`: + * `start_reading`, `stop_reading`, `start_watching` ([#10885]). + +Julia v0.2.0 Release Notes +========================== + +The 0.2 release brings improvements to many areas of Julia. Among the +most visible changes are support for 64-bit Windows, keyword arguments +to functions, immutable types, a redesigned and polished package +manager, a multimedia interface supporting usage of Julia in IPython, +a built-in profiler, and major improvements to Julia's linear algebra, +I/O, and parallel capabilities. These are accompanied by many other +changes adding new features, enhancing the library's consistency, +improving performance, increasing test coverage, easing installation, +and expanding the documentation. While not part of Julia proper, the +package ecosystem has also grown and matured considerably since the +0.1 release. See below for more information about the long list of +changes that improve Julia's usability and performance. + +New language features +--------------------- + + * Keyword & optional function arguments ([#485], [#1817]). + + * Immutable types ([#13]). + + * Triple-quoted string literals ([#70]). + + * New infix operator `in` (e.g. `x in S`), and corresponding function + `in(x,S)`, replacing `contains(S,x)` function ([#2703]). + + * New variable bindings on each for loop and comprehension iteration ([#1571]). + For example, before this change: + + julia> map(f->f(), { ()->i for i=1:3 }) + 3-element Any Array: + 3 + 3 + 3 + + and after: + + julia> map(f->f(), { ()->i for i=1:3 }) + 3-element Any Array: + 1 + 2 + 3 + + * Explicit relative importing ([#2375]). + + * Methods can be added to functions in other modules using dot syntax, + as in `Foo.bar(x) = 0`. + + * `import module: name1, name2, ...` ([#5214]). + + * A semicolon is now allowed after an `import` or `using` statement ([#4130]). + + * In an interactive session (REPL), you can use `;cmd` to run `cmd` via an interactive + shell. For example: + + julia> ;ls + CONTRIBUTING.md Makefile VERSION deps/ julia@ ui/ + DISTRIBUTING.md NEWS.md Windows.inc doc/ src/ usr/ + LICENSE.md README.md base/ etc/ test/ + Make.inc README.windows.md contrib/ examples/ tmp/ + +New library functions +--------------------- + + * Sampling profiler ([#2597]). + + * Functions for examining stages of the compiler's output: + `code_lowered`, `code_typed`, `code_llvm`, and `code_native`. + + * Multimedia I/O API (display, writemime, etcetera) ([#3932]). + + * MPFR-based `BigFloat` ([#2814]), and many new `BigFloat` operations. + + * New half-precision IEEE floating-point type, `Float16` ([#3467]). + + * Support for setting floating-point rounding modes ([#3149]). + + * `methodswith` shows all methods with an argument of specific type. + + * `mapslices` provides a general way to perform operations on slices of arrays ([#2204]). + + * `repeat` function for constructing Arrays with repeated elements ([#3605]). + + * `Collections.PriorityQueue` type and `Collections.heap` functions ([#2920]). + + * `quadgk` 1d-integration routine ([#3140]). + + * `erfinv` and `erfcinv` functions ([#2987]). + + * `varm`, `stdm` ([#2265]). + + * `digamma`, `invdigamma`, `trigamma` and `polygamma` for calculating derivatives of `gamma` function ([#3233]). + + * `logdet` ([#3070]). + + * Names for C-compatible types: `Cchar`, `Clong`, etc. ([#2370]). + + * `cglobal` to access global variables ([#1815]). + + * `unsafe_pointer_to_objref` ([#2468]) and `pointer_from_objref` ([#2515]). + + * `readandwrite` for external processes. + + * I/O functions `readbytes` and `readbytes!` ([#3878]). + + * `flush_cstdio` function ([#3949]). + + * ClusterManager makes it possible to support different types of compute clusters + ([#3649], [#4014]). + + * `rmprocs` for removing processors from a parallel computing session. + The system can also tolerate to some extent processors that die unexpectedly + ([#3050]). + + * `interrupt` for interrupting worker processes ([#3819]). + + * `timedwait` does a polled wait for an event till a specified timeout. + + * `Condition` type with `wait` and `notify` functions for `Task` synchronization. + + * `versioninfo` provides detailed version information, especially useful when + reporting and diagnosing bugs. + + * `detach` for running child processes in a separate process group. + + * `setenv` for passing environment variables to child processes. + + * `ifelse` eagerly-evaluated conditional function, especially useful for + vectorized conditionals. + +Library improvements +-------------------- + + * `isequal` now returns `false` for numbers of different types. + This makes it much easier to define hashing for new numeric types. + Uses of `Dict` with numeric keys might need to change + to account for this increased strictness. + + * A redesigned and rewritten `Pkg` system is much more robust in case of problems. + The basic interface to adding and removing package requirements remains the + same, but great deal of additional functionality for developing packages in-place + was added. See the new [packages chapter] in the manual for further details. + + * Sorting API updates ([#3665]) – see [sorting functions]. + + * The `delete!(d::Dict, key)` function has been split into separate `pop!` + and `delete!` functions ([#3439]). + `pop!(d,key)` removes `key` from `d` and returns the value that was associated with it; + it throws an exception if `d` does not contain `key`. + `delete!(d,key)` removes `key` from `d` and succeeds regardless of whether `d` + contained `key` or not, returning `d` itself in either case. + + * Linear-algebra factorization routines (`lu`, `chol`, etc.) now return + `Factorization` objects (and `lud`, `chold`, etc. are deprecated; [#2212]). + + * A number of improvements to sparse matrix capabilities and sparse linear algebra. + + * More linear algebra fixes and eigensolver hooks + for `SymTridiagonal`, `Tridiagonal` and `Bidiagonal` matrix types + ([#2606], [#2608], [#2609], [#2611], [#2678], [#2713], [#2720], [#2725]). + + * Change `integer_valued`, `real_valued`, and so on to `isinteger`, `isreal`, + and so on, and semantics of the later are now value-based rather than type-based, + unlike MATLAB/Octave ([#3071]). `isbool` and `iscomplex` are eliminated in favor + of a general `iseltype` function. + + * Transitive comparison of floats with rationals ([#3102]). + + * Fast prime generation with `primes` and fast primality testing with `isprime`. + + * `sum` and `cumsum` now use [pairwise summation] for better accuracy ([#4039]). + + * Dot operators (`.+`, `.*` etc.) now broadcast singleton dimensions of array arguments. + This behavior can be applied to any function using `broadcast(f, ...)`. + + * `combinations`, `permutations`, and `partitions` now return iterators instead of a task, + and `integer_partitions` has been renamed to `partitions` ([#3989], [#4055]). + + * `isreadable`/`iswritable` methods added for more IO types ([#3872]). + + * Much faster and improved `readdlm` and `writedlm` ([#3350], [#3468], [#3483]). + + * Faster `matchall` ([#3719]), and various string and regex improvements. + + * Documentation of advanced linear algebra features ([#2807]). + + * Support optional RTLD flags in `dlopen` ([#2380]). + + * `pmap` now works with any iterable collection. + + * Options in `pmap` for retrying or ignoring failed tasks. + + * New `sinpi(x)` and `cospi(x)` functions to compute sine and cosine of `pi*x` + more accurately ([#4112]). + + * New implementations of elementary complex functions + `sqrt`, `log`, `asin`, `acos`, `atan`, `tanh`, `asinh`, `acosh`, `atanh` + with correct branch cuts ([#2891]). + + * Improved behavior of `SubArray` ([#4412], [#4284], [#4044], [#3697], [#3790], + [#3148], [#2844], [#2644] and various other fixes). + + * New convenience functions in graphics API. + + * Improved backtraces on Windows and OS X. + + * Implementation of reduction functions (including `reduce`, `mapreduce`, `sum`, `prod`, + `maximum`, `minimum`, `all`, and `any`) are refactored, with improved type stability, + efficiency, and consistency ([#6116], [#7035], [#7061], [#7106]). + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + + * Methods of `min` and `max` that do reductions were renamed to + `minimum` and `maximum`. `min(x)` is now `minimum(x)`, and + `min(x,(),dim)` is now `minimum(x,dim)` ([#4235]). + + * `ComplexPair` was renamed to `Complex` and made `immutable`, + and `Complex128` and so on are now aliases to the new `Complex` type. + + * `!` was added to the name of many mutating functions, + e.g., `push` was renamed `push!` ([#907]). + + * `ref` renamed to `getindex`, and `assign` to `setindex!` ([#1484]). + + * `writeable` renamed to `writable` ([#3874]). + + * `logb` and `ilogb` renamed to `exponent` ([#2516]). + + * `quote_string` became a method of `repr`. + + * `safe_char`, `check_ascii`, and `check_utf8` replaced by + `is_valid_char`, `is_valid_ascii`, and `is_valid_utf8`, respectively. + + * `each_line`, `each_match`, `begins_with`, `ends_with`, `parse_float`, + `parse_int`, and `seek_end` replaced by: `eachline`, `eachmatch`, and so on + (`_` was removed) ([#1539]). + + * `parse_bin(s)` replaced by `parseint(s,2)`; + `parse_oct(s)` replaced by `parseint(s,8)`; + `parse_hex(s)` replaced by `parseint(s,16)`. + + * `findn_nzs` replaced by `findnz` ([#1539]). + + * `DivideByZeroError` replaced by `DivideError`. + + * `addprocs_ssh`, `addprocs_ssh_tunnel`, and `addprocs_local` + replaced by `addprocs` (with keyword options). + + * `remote_call`, `remote_call_fetch`, and `remote_call_wait` + replaced by `remotecall`, `remotecall_fetch`, and `remotecall_wait`. + + * `has` replaced by `in` for sets and by `haskey` for dictionaries. + + * `diagmm` and `diagmm!` replaced by `scale` and `scale!` ([#2916]). + + * `unsafe_ref` and `unsafe_assign` replaced by `unsafe_load` and `unsafe_store!`. + + * `add_each!` and `del_each!` replaced by `union!` and `setdiff!`. + + * `isdenormal` renamed to `issubnormal` ([#3105]). + + * `expr` replaced by direct call to `Expr` constructor. + + * `|`, `&`, `$`, `-`, and `~` for sets replaced by + `union`, `intersect`, `symdiff`, `setdiff`, and `complement` ([#3272]). + + * `square` function removed. + + * `pascal` function removed. + + * `add` and `add!` for `Set` replaced by `push!`. + + * `ls` function deprecated in favor of `readdir` or `;ls` in the REPL. + + * `start_timer` now expects arguments in units of seconds, not milliseconds. + + * Shell redirection operators `|`, `>`, and `<` eliminated in favor of a new + operator `|>` ([#3523]). + + * `amap` is deprecated in favor of new `mapslices` functionality. + + * The `Reverse` iterator was removed since it did not work in many cases. + + * The `gcd` function now returns a non-negative value regardless of + the argument signs, and various other sign problems with `invmod`, + `lcm`, `gcdx`, and `powermod` were fixed ([#4811]). + +Miscellaneous changes +--------------------- + + * `julia-release-*` executables renamed to `julia-*`, + and `libjulia-release` renamed to `libjulia` ([#4177]). + + * Packages will now be installed in `.julia/vX.Y`, where + X.Y is the current Julia version. + +Bugfixes and performance updates +-------------------------------- + +Too numerous to mention. + +[packages chapter]: https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/manual/packages/ +[sorting functions]: https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/stdlib/sort/ +[pairwise summation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairwise_summation +[a448e080]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/commit/a448e080dc736c7fb326426dfcb2528be36973d3 +[5e3f074b]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/commit/5e3f074b9173044a0a4219f9b285879ff7cec041 + +[#13]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/13 +[#69]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/69 +[#70]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/70 +[#101]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/101 +[#265]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/265 +[#485]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/485 +[#550]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/550 +[#552]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/552 +[#907]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/907 +[#964]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/964 +[#987]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/987 +[#1090]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1090 +[#1195]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1195 +[#1268]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1268 +[#1470]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1470 +[#1484]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1484 +[#1539]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1539 +[#1571]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1571 +[#1815]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1815 +[#1817]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/1817 +[#2204]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2204 +[#2212]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2212 +[#2265]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2265 +[#2333]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2333 +[#2345]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2345 +[#2370]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2370 +[#2375]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2375 +[#2380]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2380 +[#2403]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2403 +[#2468]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2468 +[#2488]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2488 +[#2515]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2515 +[#2516]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2516 +[#2597]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2597 +[#2606]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2606 +[#2608]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2608 +[#2609]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2609 +[#2611]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2611 +[#2644]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2644 +[#2678]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2678 +[#2703]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2703 +[#2713]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2713 +[#2720]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2720 +[#2725]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2725 +[#2807]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2807 +[#2814]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2814 +[#2844]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2844 +[#2891]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2891 +[#2916]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2916 +[#2920]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2920 +[#2987]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/2987 +[#3050]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3050 +[#3070]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3070 +[#3071]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3071 +[#3102]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3102 +[#3105]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3105 +[#3140]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3140 +[#3141]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3141 +[#3148]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3148 +[#3149]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3149 +[#3214]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3214 +[#3233]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3233 +[#3272]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3272 +[#3344]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3344 +[#3350]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3350 +[#3434]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3434 +[#3439]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3439 +[#3467]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3467 +[#3468]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3468 +[#3483]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3483 +[#3523]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3523 +[#3605]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3605 +[#3631]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3631 +[#3649]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3649 +[#3665]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3665 +[#3688]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3688 +[#3697]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3697 +[#3719]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3719 +[#3721]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3721 +[#3737]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3737 +[#3759]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3759 +[#3790]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3790 +[#3819]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3819 +[#3872]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3872 +[#3874]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3874 +[#3878]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3878 +[#3932]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3932 +[#3949]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3949 +[#3989]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3989 +[#4014]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4014 +[#4026]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4026 +[#4039]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4039 +[#4042]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4042 +[#4044]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4044 +[#4048]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4048 +[#4055]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4055 +[#4112]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4112 +[#4130]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4130 +[#4163]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4163 +[#4177]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4177 +[#4211]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4211 +[#4235]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4235 +[#4284]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4284 +[#4383]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4383 +[#4412]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4412 +[#4470]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4470 +[#4615]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4615 +[#4670]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4670 +[#4759]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4759 +[#4766]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4766 +[#4775]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4775 +[#4782]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4782 +[#4799]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4799 +[#4806]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4806 +[#4811]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4811 +[#4819]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4819 +[#4862]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4862 +[#4867]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4867 +[#4870]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4870 +[#4871]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4871 +[#4874]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4874 +[#4882]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4882 +[#4888]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4888 +[#4923]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4923 +[#4930]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4930 +[#4934]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4934 +[#4943]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4943 +[#4958]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4958 +[#4967]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4967 +[#4996]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/4996 +[#5007]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5007 +[#5025]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5025 +[#5059]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5059 +[#5076]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5076 +[#5154]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5154 +[#5164]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5164 +[#5196]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5196 +[#5214]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5214 +[#5227]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5227 +[#5255]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5255 +[#5263]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5263 +[#5275]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/5275 +[#5277]: 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+[#16502]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16502 +[#16510]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16510 +[#16600]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16600 +[#16603]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16603 +[#16621]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16621 +[#16622]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16622 +[#16645]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16645 +[#16663]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16663 +[#16731]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16731 +[#16854]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16854 +[#16953]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16953 +[#16961]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16961 +[#16972]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16972 +[#16984]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16984 +[#16986]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/16986 +[#17033]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17033 +[#17037]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17037 +[#17057]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17057 +[#17075]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17075 +[#17132]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17132 +[#17155]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17155 +[#17261]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17261 +[#17265]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17265 +[#17266]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17266 +[#17300]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17300 +[#17302]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17302 +[#17323]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17323 +[#17374]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17374 +[#17393]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17393 +[#17402]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17402 +[#17404]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17404 +[#17510]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17510 +[#17546]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17546 +[#17599]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17599 +[#17607]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17607 +[#17623]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17623 +[#17654]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17654 +[#17668]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17668 +[#17723]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17723 +[#17758]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17758 +[#17785]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/17785 +[#18012]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18012 +[#18050]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18050 +[#18159]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18159 +[#18218]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18218 +[#18251]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18251 +[#18330]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18330 +[#18339]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18339 +[#18342]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18342 +[#18346]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18346 +[#18441]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18441 +[#18442]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18442 +[#18444]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18444 +[#18453]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18453 +[#18457]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18457 +[#18473]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18473 +[#18558]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18558 +[#18628]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18628 +[#18642]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18642 +[#18644]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18644 +[#18660]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18660 +[#18690]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18690 +[#18754]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18754 +[#18777]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18777 +[#18832]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18832 +[#18839]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18839 +[#18891]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18891 +[#18931]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18931 +[#18965]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18965 +[#18977]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/18977 +[#19018]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19018 +[#19088]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19088 +[#19157]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19157 +[#19233]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19233 +[#19239]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19239 +[#19246]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19246 +[#19259]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19259 +[#19288]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19288 +[#19305]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19305 +[#19331]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19331 +[#19371]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19371 +[#19438]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19438 +[#19449]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19449 +[#19464]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19464 +[#19469]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19469 +[#19518]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19518 +[#19533]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19533 +[#19543]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19543 +[#19594]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19594 +[#19598]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19598 +[#19635]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19635 +[#19636]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19636 +[#19660]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19660 +[#19669]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19669 +[#19670]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19670 +[#19677]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19677 +[#19680]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19680 +[#19690]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19690 +[#19692]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19692 +[#19711]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19711 +[#19712]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19712 +[#19720]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19720 +[#19721]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19721 +[#19722]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19722 +[#19724]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19724 +[#19730]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19730 +[#19737]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19737 +[#19741]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19741 +[#19766]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19766 +[#19771]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19771 +[#19779]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19779 +[#19784]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19784 +[#19786]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19786 +[#19787]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19787 +[#19791]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19791 +[#19800]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19800 +[#19802]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19802 +[#19811]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19811 +[#19814]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19814 +[#19841]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19841 +[#19878]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19878 +[#19900]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19900 +[#19901]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19901 +[#19903]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19903 +[#19919]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19919 +[#19920]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19920 +[#19925]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19925 +[#19926]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19926 +[#19931]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19931 +[#19934]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19934 +[#19935]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19935 +[#19937]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19937 +[#19944]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19944 +[#19949]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19949 +[#19950]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19950 +[#19989]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/19989 +[#20009]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20009 +[#20047]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20047 +[#20058]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20058 +[#20079]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20079 +[#20135]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20135 +[#20164]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20164 +[#20213]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20213 +[#20228]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20228 +[#20248]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20248 +[#20249]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20249 +[#20268]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20268 +[#20308]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20308 +[#20321]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20321 +[#20327]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20327 +[#20328]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20328 +[#20330]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20330 +[#20342]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20342 +[#20345]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20345 +[#20403]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20403 +[#20404]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20404 +[#20406]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20406 +[#20414]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20414 +[#20418]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20418 +[#20427]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20427 +[#20435]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20435 +[#20500]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20500 +[#20530]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20530 +[#20543]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20543 +[#20609]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20609 +[#20889]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20889 +[#20952]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/20952 +[#21183]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21183 +[#21818]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/21818 diff --git a/LICENSE.md b/LICENSE.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4a62dc --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +The Julia language is licensed under the MIT License. The "language" consists +of the compiler (the contents of src/), most of the standard library (base/), +and some utilities (most of the rest of the files in this repository). See below +for exceptions. + +> Copyright (c) 2009-2018: Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, +> and other contributors: +> +> https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/contributors +> +> Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining +> a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the +> "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including +> without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, +> distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to +> permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to +> the following conditions: +> +> The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be +> included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +> +> THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, +> EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +> MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND +> NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE +> LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION +> OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION +> WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + +Julia includes code from the following projects, which have their own licenses: + +- [crc32c.c](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17645167/implementing-sse-4-2s-crc32c-in-software) (CRC-32c checksum code by Mark Adler) [[ZLib](https://opensource.org/licenses/Zlib)]. +- [LDC](https://github.com/ldc-developers/ldc/blob/master/LICENSE) (for ccall/cfunction ABI definitions) [BSD-3]. The portion of code that Julia uses from LDC is [BSD-3] licensed. +- [LLVM](http://releases.llvm.org/3.9.0/LICENSE.TXT) (for parts of src/jitlayers.cpp and src/disasm.cpp) [BSD-3, effectively] +- [MUSL](http://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/COPYRIGHT) (for getopt implementation on Windows) [MIT] +- [MINGW](https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw/mingw-org-wsl/ci/legacy/tree/mingwrt/mingwex/dirname.c) (for dirname implementation on Windows) [MIT] +- [NetBSD](http://www.netbsd.org/about/redistribution.html) (for setjmp, longjmp, and strptime implementations on Windows) [BSD-3] +- [Python](https://docs.python.org/2/license.html) (for strtod implementation on Windows) [BSD-3, effectively] + +The following components included in Julia `Base` have their own separate licenses: + +- base/grisu/* [BSD-3] (see [double-conversion](https://github.com/google/double-conversion/blob/master/LICENSE)) +- base/special/{exp,rem_pio2,hyperbolic}.jl [Freely distributable with preserved copyright notice] (see [FDLIBM](http://www.netlib.org/fdlibm)) + +The Julia language links to the following external libraries, which have their +own licenses: + +- [FEMTOLISP](https://github.com/JeffBezanson/femtolisp) [BSD-3] +- [LIBUNWIND](http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=libunwind.git;a=blob_plain;f=LICENSE;hb=master) [MIT] +- [LIBUV](https://github.com/joyent/libuv/blob/master/LICENSE) [MIT] +- [LLVM](http://releases.llvm.org/6.0.0/LICENSE.TXT) [BSD-3, effectively] +- [UTF8PROC](https://github.com/JuliaStrings/utf8proc) [MIT] + +The following components included in `stdlib` have their own separate licenses: + +- stdlib/SuiteSparse/umfpack.jl (see [SUITESPARSE](http://suitesparse.com)) +- stdlib/SuiteSparse/cholmod.jl (see [SUITESPARSE](http://suitesparse.com)) + +Julia's `stdlib` uses the following external libraries, which have their own licenses: + +- [DSFMT](http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/SFMT/LICENSE.txt) [BSD-3] +- [OPENLIBM](https://github.com/JuliaMath/openlibm/blob/master/LICENSE.md) [MIT, BSD-2, ISC] +- [GMP](http://gmplib.org/manual/Copying.html#Copying) [LGPL3+ or GPL2+] +- [LIBGIT2](https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/blob/development/COPYING) [GPL2+ with unlimited linking exception] +- [CURL](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html) [MIT/X derivative] +- [LIBSSH2](https://github.com/libssh2/libssh2/blob/master/COPYING) [BSD-3] +- [MBEDTLS](https://tls.mbed.org/how-to-get) [either GPLv2 or Apache 2.0] +- [MPFR](http://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-current/mpfr.html#Copying) [LGPL3+] +- [OPENBLAS](https://raw.github.com/xianyi/OpenBLAS/master/LICENSE) [BSD-3] +- [LAPACK](http://netlib.org/lapack/LICENSE.txt) [BSD-3] +- [PCRE](http://www.pcre.org/licence.txt) [BSD-3] +- [SUITESPARSE](http://suitesparse.com) [mix of LGPL2+ and GPL2+; see individual module licenses] + +Julia's build process uses the following external tools: + +- [PATCHELF](https://nixos.org/patchelf.html) +- [OBJCONV](http://www.agner.org/optimize/#objconv) + +Julia bundles the following external programs and libraries on some platforms: + +- [7-Zip](http://www.7-zip.org/license.txt) +- [BUSYBOX](https://github.com/rmyorston/busybox-w32/blob/master/LICENSE) +- [ZLIB](http://zlib.net/zlib_license.html) +- [LIBEXPAT](http://expat.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/expat/expat/README) + +On some platforms, distributions of Julia contain SSL certificate authority certificates, +released under the [Mozilla Public License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License). diff --git a/Make.inc b/Make.inc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5c102f --- /dev/null +++ b/Make.inc @@ -0,0 +1,1280 @@ +# -*- mode: makefile-gmake -*- +# vi:syntax=make + +## Note: +## It is generally preferable to change these options, for +## your local machine, in a file named `Make.user` in the toplevel +## and build directories +## +## For developers, take care to not insert comments on the same line as +## variable declarations. The spaces between the variable value and the +## comment will be included in the value. + +# OPENBLAS build options +OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH:= +OPENBLAS_SYMBOLSUFFIX:= +OPENBLAS_LIBNAMESUFFIX:= + +# If OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH is set, we default to disabling OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH +ifneq ($(OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH),) +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH:=0 +else +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH:=1 +endif +OPENBLAS_USE_THREAD:=1 + +# Flags for using libraries available on the system instead of building them. +# Please read the notes around usage of SYSTEM flags in README.md +# Issues resulting from use of SYSTEM versions will generally not be accepted. +USE_SYSTEM_LLVM:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBUNWIND:=0 +DISABLE_LIBUNWIND:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_PCRE:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBM:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_OPENLIBM:=0 +UNTRUSTED_SYSTEM_LIBM:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_DSFMT:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_BLAS:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_GMP:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_MPFR:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_SUITESPARSE:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBUV:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_UTF8PROC:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_MBEDTLS:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBSSH2:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_CURL:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBGIT2:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_PATCHELF:=0 + +# Link to the LLVM shared library +USE_LLVM_SHLIB := 1 + +## Settings for various Intel tools +# Set to 1 to use MKL +USE_INTEL_MKL ?= 0 +# Set to 1 to use Intel LIBM +USE_INTEL_LIBM ?= 0 +# Set to 1 to enable profiling with Intel VTune Amplifier +USE_INTEL_JITEVENTS ?= 0 +# Set to 1 to use Intel C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers +USEICC ?= 0 +USEIFC ?= 0 + +# Enable threading with one thread +JULIA_THREADS := 1 + +ifeq ($(USE_MKL), 1) +$(warning "The julia make variable USE_MKL has been renamed to USE_INTEL_MKL") +USE_INTEL_MKL := 1 +endif + +# Set to 1 to enable profiling with OProfile +USE_OPROFILE_JITEVENTS ?= 0 + +# Set to 1 to enable profiling with perf +USE_PERF_JITEVENTS ?= 0 + +# libc++ is standard on OS X 10.9, but not for earlier releases +USE_LIBCPP := 0 + +# assume we don't have LIBSSP support in our compiler, will enable later if likely true +HAVE_SSP := 0 + +# GC debugging options +WITH_GC_VERIFY := 0 +WITH_GC_DEBUG_ENV := 0 + +# Prevent picking up $ARCH from the environment variables +ARCH:= + +# pick up BUILDROOT from O= if it isn't already set (from recursive make) +ifeq ($(BUILDROOT),) +ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line") + BUILDROOT := $(abspath $O) + BUILDDIR := $(abspath $(BUILDROOT)/$(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(JULIAHOME) $(SRCDIR))) + $(info $(shell printf '\033[32;1mBuilding into $(BUILDROOT)\033[0m')) # use printf to expand the escape sequences +else + BUILDROOT:=$(JULIAHOME) +endif +endif +export BUILDROOT +unexport O + +# Make sure the user didn't try to specify a path that will confuse the shell / make +METACHARACTERS := ][?*{}() $$%:;&|!\#,\\`\": +ifneq (,$(findstring ',$(value BUILDROOT))) +$(error cowardly refusing to build into directory with a single-quote in the path) +endif +ifneq (,$(findstring ',$(value JULIAHOME))) +$(error cowardly refusing to build from source directory with a single-quote in the path) +endif +ifneq (,$(shell echo '$(value BUILDROOT)' | grep '[$(METACHARACTERS)]')) +$(error cowardly refusing to build into directory with a shell-metacharacter in the path\ + (got: $(value BUILDROOT))) +endif +ifneq (,$(shell echo '$(value JULIAHOME)' | grep '[$(METACHARACTERS)]')) +$(error cowardly refusing to build from source directory with a shell-metacharacter in the path\ + (got: $(value JULIAHOME))) +endif + +# we include twice to pickup user definitions better +# include from JULIAHOME first so that BUILDROOT can override +ifeq (exists, $(shell [ -e $(JULIAHOME)/Make.user ] && echo exists )) +include $(JULIAHOME)/Make.user +endif +ifeq (exists, $(shell [ -e $(BUILDROOT)/Make.user ] && echo exists )) +include $(BUILDROOT)/Make.user +endif + +# disable automatic Makefile rules +.SUFFIXES: + +# find out if git repository is available +ifeq ($(shell [ -e $(JULIAHOME)/.git ] && echo true || echo "Warning: git information unavailable; versioning information limited" >&2), true) +NO_GIT := 0 +else +NO_GIT := 1 +endif + +# Julia's Semantic Versioning system labels the three decimal places in a version number as +# the major, minor and patch versions. Typically the major version would be incremented +# whenever a backwards-incompatible change is made, the minor version would be incremented +# whenever major backwards-compatible changes are made, and the patch version would be +# incremented whenever smaller changes are made. However, before v1.0.0, the major +# version number is always zero and the meanings shift down a place; the minor version +# number becomes the major version number, the patch version number becomes the minor +# version number, and there is no patch version number to speak of. In this case, the +# version v0.4.1 has backwards-compatible changes as compared to v0.4.0, and the +# version v0.5.0 has major backwards-incompatible changes as compared to v0.4.X. +JULIA_VERSION := $(shell cat $(JULIAHOME)/VERSION) +JULIA_MAJOR_VERSION := $(shell echo $(JULIA_VERSION) | cut -d'-' -f 1 | cut -d'.' -f 1) +JULIA_MINOR_VERSION := $(shell echo $(JULIA_VERSION) | cut -d'-' -f 1 | cut -d'.' -f 2) +JULIA_PATCH_VERSION := $(shell echo $(JULIA_VERSION) | cut -d'-' -f 1 | cut -d'.' -f 3) + +# libjulia's SONAME will follow the format libjulia.so.$(SOMAJOR). Before v1.0.0, +# SOMAJOR will be a two-decimal value, e.g. libjulia.so.0.5, whereas at and beyond +# v1.0.0, SOMAJOR will be simply the major version number, e.g. libjulia.so.1 +# The file itself will ultimately symlink to libjulia.so.$(SOMAJOR).$(SOMINOR) +ifeq ($(JULIA_MAJOR_VERSION),0) +SOMAJOR := $(JULIA_MAJOR_VERSION).$(JULIA_MINOR_VERSION) +SOMINOR := $(JULIA_PATCH_VERSION) +else +SOMAJOR := $(JULIA_MAJOR_VERSION) +SOMINOR := $(JULIA_MINOR_VERSION) +endif + +ifneq ($(NO_GIT), 1) +JULIA_COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse --short=10 HEAD) +else +JULIA_COMMIT := $(JULIA_VERSION) +endif + +# Override `JULIA_COMMIT` to `JULIA_VERSION` if we're on a tagged commit +ifeq ($(shell git describe --tags --exact-match > /dev/null 2>&1 && echo true),true) +JULIA_COMMIT := $(JULIA_VERSION) +endif + +# Whether to use GPL libraries or not. +USE_GPL_LIBS ?= 1 + +# Directories where said libraries get installed to +prefix ?= $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT) +bindir := $(prefix)/bin +libdir := $(prefix)/lib +libexecdir := $(prefix)/libexec +datarootdir := $(prefix)/share +docdir := $(datarootdir)/doc/julia +mandir := $(datarootdir)/man +man1dir := $(mandir)/man1 +includedir := $(prefix)/include +sysconfdir := $(prefix)/etc + +# Directories where things get built into +build_prefix := $(BUILDROOT)/usr +build_staging := $(build_prefix)-staging +build_bindir := $(build_prefix)/bin +build_depsbindir := $(build_prefix)/tools +build_libdir := $(build_prefix)/lib +build_libexecdir := $(build_prefix)/libexec +build_datarootdir := $(build_prefix)/share +build_mandir := $(build_datarootdir)/man +build_man1dir := $(build_mandir)/man1 +build_includedir := $(build_prefix)/include +build_sysconfdir := $(build_prefix)/etc + +# This used for debian packaging, to conform to library layout guidelines +ifeq ($(MULTIARCH_INSTALL), 1) +MULTIARCH := $(shell gcc -print-multiarch) +libdir := $(prefix)/lib/$(MULTIARCH) +build_libdir := $(build_prefix)/lib/$(MULTIARCH) +endif + +# Private library directories +private_libdir := $(libdir)/julia +build_private_libdir := $(build_libdir)/julia + +# Calculate relative paths to libdir, private_libdir, datarootdir, and sysconfdir +build_libdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(build_bindir) $(build_libdir)) +libdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(bindir) $(libdir)) +build_private_libdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(build_bindir) $(build_private_libdir)) +private_libdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(bindir) $(private_libdir)) +datarootdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(bindir) $(datarootdir)) +docdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(bindir) $(docdir)) +sysconfdir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(bindir) $(sysconfdir)) +includedir_rel := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh $(bindir) $(includedir)) + +INSTALL_F := $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/install.sh 644 +INSTALL_M := $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/install.sh 755 + +# BinaryBuilder options +# TODO: Autodiscover triplet +USE_BINARYBUILDER_LLVM := 0 +# Use the Assertions build +BINARYBUILDER_LLVM_ASSERTS := 0 +BINARYBUILDER_TRIPLET := + +# LLVM Options +LLVMROOT := $(build_prefix) +LLVM_ASSERTIONS := 0 +LLVM_DEBUG := 0 +# set to 1 to get clang and compiler-rt +BUILD_LLVM_CLANG := 0 +# set to 1 to get lldb (often does not work, no chance with llvm3.2 and earlier) +# see http://lldb.llvm.org/build.html for dependencies +BUILD_LLDB := 0 + +# Options to enable Polly and its code-generation options +USE_POLLY := 0 +USE_POLLY_OPENMP := 0 # Enable OpenMP code-generation +USE_POLLY_ACC := 0 # Enable GPU code-generation + +# Cross-compile +#XC_HOST := i686-w64-mingw32 +#XC_HOST := x86_64-w64-mingw32 + +# Path to cmake (override in Make.user if needed) +CMAKE ?= cmake +CMAKE_GENERATOR ?= make + +# Point pkg-config to only look at our libraries, overriding whatever +# the user may have unwittingly set. To pass PKG_CONFIG_* variables +# through to the buildsystem, these must be set either on the command +# line, or through `override` directives within Make.user +export PKG_CONFIG_PATH = $(JULIAHOME)/usr/lib/pkgconfig +export PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR = $(JULIAHOME)/usr/lib/pkgconfig + +# Figure out OS and architecture +BUILD_OS := $(shell uname) + +ifneq (,$(findstring CYGWIN,$(BUILD_OS))) +XC_HOST ?= $(shell uname -m)-w64-mingw32 +endif + +ifeq ($(XC_HOST),) +CROSS_COMPILE:= +# delayed expansion of $(CC), since it won't be computed until later +HOSTCC = $(CC) +else +HOSTCC ?= gcc +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH := 1 +override CROSS_COMPILE:=$(XC_HOST)- +ifneq (,$(findstring mingw,$(XC_HOST))) +override OS := WINNT +STD_LIB_PATH := $(shell LANG=C $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -print-search-dirs | grep programs | sed -e "s/^programs: =//") +STD_LIB_PATH := $(STD_LIB_PATH):$(shell LANG=C $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -print-search-dirs | grep libraries | sed -e "s/^libraries: =//") +ifneq (,$(findstring CYGWIN,$(BUILD_OS))) # the cygwin-mingw32 compiler lies about it search directory paths +STD_LIB_PATH := $(shell echo '$(STD_LIB_PATH)' | sed -e "s!/lib/!/bin/!g") +endif +else +$(error "unknown XC_HOST variable set") +endif +endif +STD_LIB_PATH ?= $(PATH) + +JLDOWNLOAD := $(JULIAHOME)/deps/tools/jldownload +JLCHECKSUM := $(JULIAHOME)/deps/tools/jlchecksum + +# Figure out OS and architecture +OS := $(BUILD_OS) + +ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(OS))) +override OS := WINNT +endif +ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(BUILD_OS))) +override BUILD_OS := WINNT +endif +ifneq (,$(findstring MSYS,$(OS))) +override OS := WINNT +endif +ifneq (,$(findstring MSYS,$(BUILD_OS))) +override BUILD_OS := WINNT +endif + +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS), WINNT) +BUILD_EXE := .exe +else ifneq (,$(findstring CYGWIN,$(BUILD_OS))) +BUILD_EXE := .exe +else +BUILD_EXE := +endif +ifeq ($(OS), WINNT) +fPIC := +EXE := .exe +else +fPIC := -fPIC +EXE := +endif + +JULIACODEGEN := LLVM + +# flag for disabling assertions +ifeq ($(FORCE_ASSERTIONS), 1) +# C++ code needs to include LLVM header with the same assertion flag as LLVM +# Use this flag to re-enable assertion in our code after all the LLVM headers are included +CXX_DISABLE_ASSERTION := +DISABLE_ASSERTIONS := +else +CXX_DISABLE_ASSERTION := -DJL_NDEBUG +DISABLE_ASSERTIONS := -DNDEBUG -DJL_NDEBUG +endif + +# Compiler specific stuff + +ifeq ($(USEMSVC), 1) +USEGCC := 0 +USECLANG := 0 +USEICC := 0 +else +ifeq ($(USECLANG), 1) +USEGCC := 0 +USEICC := 0 +else +ifeq ($(USEICC), 1) +USEGCC := 0 +USECLANG := 0 +else # default to gcc +USEGCC := 1 +USECLANG := 0 +USEICC := 0 +endif +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USEIFC), 1) +FC := ifort +else +FC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gfortran +endif + +STDLIBCPP_FLAG := + +ifeq ($(OS), FreeBSD) +USEGCC := 0 +USECLANG := 1 +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) +DARWINVER := $(shell uname -r | cut -b 1-2) +DARWINVER_GTE13 := $(shell expr `uname -r | cut -b 1-2` \>= 13) +ifeq ($(DARWINVER), 10) # Snow Leopard specific configuration +USEGCC := 1 +USECLANG := 0 +OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH:=NEHALEM +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH:=0 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBUNWIND:=1 +else +ifeq ($(DARWINVER_GTE13),1) +USE_LIBCPP := 1 +STDLIBCPP_FLAG := -stdlib=libstdc++ +else +USE_LIBCPP := 0 +endif +USEGCC := 0 +USECLANG := 1 +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USEGCC),1) +ifeq ($(USE_LIBCPP),1) +$(error USE_LIBCPP only supported with clang. Try setting USE_LIBCPP=0) +endif +ifeq ($(SANITIZE),1) +$(error Address Sanitizer only supported with clang. Try setting SANITIZE=0) +endif +CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc +CXX := $(CROSS_COMPILE)g++ +JCFLAGS := -std=gnu99 -pipe $(fPIC) -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 +# AArch64 needs this flag to generate the .eh_frame used by libunwind +JCPPFLAGS := -fasynchronous-unwind-tables +JCXXFLAGS := -pipe $(fPIC) -fno-rtti +ifneq ($(OS), WINNT) +# Do not enable on windows to avoid warnings from libuv. +JCXXFLAGS += -pedantic +endif +DEBUGFLAGS := -O0 -ggdb2 -DJL_DEBUG_BUILD -fstack-protector-all +SHIPFLAGS := -O3 -ggdb2 -falign-functions +endif + +ifeq ($(USECLANG),1) +CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)clang +CXX := $(CROSS_COMPILE)clang++ +JCFLAGS := -pipe $(fPIC) -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 +# AArch64 needs this flag to generate the .eh_frame used by libunwind +JCPPFLAGS := -fasynchronous-unwind-tables +JCXXFLAGS := -pipe $(fPIC) -fno-rtti -pedantic +DEBUGFLAGS := -O0 -g -DJL_DEBUG_BUILD -fstack-protector-all +SHIPFLAGS := -O3 -g +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) +ifeq ($(USE_LIBCPP), 1) +MACOSX_VERSION_MIN := 10.8 +CC += -stdlib=libc++ -mmacosx-version-min=$(MACOSX_VERSION_MIN) +CXX += -stdlib=libc++ -mmacosx-version-min=$(MACOSX_VERSION_MIN) +FC += -mmacosx-version-min=$(MACOSX_VERSION_MIN) +else +MACOSX_VERSION_MIN := 10.6 +CC += $(STDLIBCPP_FLAG) -mmacosx-version-min=$(MACOSX_VERSION_MIN) +CXX += $(STDLIBCPP_FLAG) -mmacosx-version-min=$(MACOSX_VERSION_MIN) +endif +JCPPFLAGS += -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE=1 +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USEICC),1) +ifeq ($(USE_LIBCPP),1) +$(error USE_LIBCPP only supported with clang. Try setting USE_LIBCPP=0) +endif +ifeq ($(SANITIZE),1) +$(error Address Sanitizer only supported with clang. Try setting SANITIZE=0) +endif +CC := icc +CXX := icpc +JCFLAGS := -std=gnu11 -pipe $(fPIC) -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -fp-model precise -fp-model except -no-ftz +JCPPFLAGS := +JCXXFLAGS := -pipe $(fPIC) -fno-rtti +DEBUGFLAGS := -O0 -g -DJL_DEBUG_BUILD -fstack-protector-all +SHIPFLAGS := -O3 -g -falign-functions +endif + +ifeq ($(USECCACHE), 1) +# Expand CC, CXX and FC here already because we want the original definition and not the ccache version. +CC_ARG := $(CC) +CXX_ARG := $(CXX) +FC_ARG := $(FC) +# Expand CC, CXX and FC here already to avoid recursive referencing. +CC_FULL := ccache $(CC) +CXX_FULL := ccache $(CXX) +FC_FULL := ccache $(FC) +# Add an extra indirection to make CC/CXX/FC non-simple vars +# (because of how -m$(BINARY) is added later on). +CC := $(CC_FULL) +CXX := $(CXX_FULL) +FC := $(FC_FULL) +CC_BASE := ccache +CXX_BASE := ccache +FC_BASE := ccache +ifeq ($(USECLANG),1) +# ccache and Clang don't do well together +# http://petereisentraut.blogspot.be/2011/05/ccache-and-clang.html +CC += -Qunused-arguments +CXX += -Qunused-arguments +# http://petereisentraut.blogspot.be/2011/09/ccache-and-clang-part-2.html +export CCACHE_CPP2 := yes +endif +else #USECCACHE +CC_BASE := $(shell echo $(CC) | cut -d' ' -f1) +CC_ARG := $(shell echo $(CC) | cut -s -d' ' -f2-) +CXX_BASE := $(shell echo $(CXX) | cut -d' ' -f1) +CXX_ARG := $(shell echo $(CXX) | cut -s -d' ' -f2-) +FC_BASE := $(shell echo $(FC) | cut -d' ' -f1) +FC_ARG := $(shell echo $(FC) | cut -s -d' ' -f2-) +endif + +JFFLAGS := -O2 $(fPIC) +ifneq ($(USEMSVC),1) +CPP := $(CC) -E +AR := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar +AS := $(CROSS_COMPILE)as +LD := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld +else #USEMSVC +CPP := $(CC) -EP +AR := lib +ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64) +AS := ml64 +else +AS := ml +endif #ARCH +LD := link +endif #USEMSVC +RANLIB := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ranlib +OBJCOPY := $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy + +# file extensions +ifeq ($(OS), WINNT) + SHLIB_EXT := dll +else ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) + SHLIB_EXT := dylib +else + SHLIB_EXT := so +endif + +# On Windows, we want shared library files to end up in $(build_bindir), instead of $(build_libdir) +ifeq ($(OS),WINNT) +build_shlibdir := $(build_bindir) +else +build_shlibdir := $(build_libdir) +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), FreeBSD) +LOCALBASE ?= /usr/local +else +LOCALBASE ?= /usr +endif + +ifeq (exists, $(shell [ -e $(JULIAHOME)/Make.user ] && echo exists )) +include $(JULIAHOME)/Make.user +endif +ifeq (exists, $(shell [ -e $(BUILDROOT)/Make.user ] && echo exists )) +include $(BUILDROOT)/Make.user +endif + +# A bit of a kludge to work around libraries linking to FreeBSD's outdated system libgcc_s +# Instead, let's link to the libgcc_s corresponding to the installation of gfortran +ifeq ($(OS),FreeBSD) +ifneq (,$(findstring gfortran,$(FC))) + +# First let's figure out what version of GCC we're dealing with +_GCCMAJOR := $(shell $(FC) -dumpversion | cut -d'.' -f1) +_GCCMINOR := $(shell $(FC) -dumpversion | cut -d'.' -f2) + +# The ports system uses major and minor for GCC < 5 (e.g. gcc49 for GCC 4.9), otherwise major only +ifeq ($(_GCCMAJOR),4) + _GCCVER := $(_GCCMAJOR)$(_GCCMINOR) +else + _GCCVER := $(_GCCMAJOR) +endif + +# Allow the user to specify this in Make.user +GCCPATH ?= $(LOCALBASE)/lib/gcc$(_GCCVER) + +# We're going to copy over the libraries we need from GCCPATH into build_libdir, then +# tell everyone to look for them there. At install time, the build_libdir added into +# the RPATH here is removed by patchelf. +LDFLAGS += -L$(build_libdir) -Wl,-rpath,$(build_libdir) + +endif # gfortran +endif # FreeBSD + +ifneq ($(CC_BASE)$(CXX_BASE),$(shell echo $(CC) | cut -d' ' -f1)$(shell echo $(CXX) | cut -d' ' -f1)) + $(error Forgot override directive on CC or CXX in Make.user? Cowardly refusing to build) +endif + +ifeq ($(SANITIZE),1) +ifeq ($(SANITIZE_MEMORY),1) +SANITIZE_OPTS := -fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins -fno-omit-frame-pointer +SANITIZE_LDFLAGS := $(SANITIZE_OPTS) +else +SANITIZE_OPTS := -fsanitize=address -mllvm -asan-stack=0 +SANITIZE_LDFLAGS := -fsanitize=address +endif +JCXXFLAGS += $(SANITIZE_OPTS) +JCFLAGS += $(SANITIZE_OPTS) +JLDFLAGS += $(SANITIZE_LDFLAGS) +endif + +TAR := $(shell which gtar 2>/dev/null || which tar 2>/dev/null) +TAR_TEST := $(shell $(TAR) --help 2>&1 | egrep 'bsdtar|strip-components') +ifeq (,$(findstring components,$(TAR_TEST))) +ifneq (bsdtar,$(findstring bsdtar,$(TAR_TEST))) +$(error "please install either GNU tar or bsdtar") +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(WITH_GC_VERIFY), 1) +JCXXFLAGS += -DGC_VERIFY +JCFLAGS += -DGC_VERIFY +endif + +ifeq ($(WITH_GC_DEBUG_ENV), 1) +JCXXFLAGS += -DGC_DEBUG_ENV +JCFLAGS += -DGC_DEBUG_ENV +endif + +# =========================================================================== + +# Select the cpu architecture to target, or automatically detects the user's compiler +# ARCH is the first element of the triple, and gives the CPU class (e.g. x86_64) +# MARCH is the CPU type, and accepts anything that can be passed to the gcc -march flag +# it is set equal to ARCH (for cases where the two are the same, such as i686) +# it can be set to native to optimize all code for the user's machine (not just the JIT code) +# if MARCH is set newer than the native processor, be forewarned that the compile might fail +# JULIA_CPU_TARGET is the JIT-only complement to MARCH. Setting it explicitly is not generally necessary, +# since it is set equal to MARCH by default + +BUILD_MACHINE := $(shell $(HOSTCC) -dumpmachine) + +# Clang spells mingw `-windows-gnu`, but autotools, etc +# don't recognize that, so canonicalize to mingw32 +BUILD_MACHINE := $(subst windows-gnu,mingw32,$(BUILD_MACHINE)) + +ifeq ($(ARCH),) +override ARCH := $(shell $(CC) -dumpmachine | sed "s/\([^-]*\).*$$/\1/") +else +ifneq ($(XC_HOST),) +XC_HOST := $(ARCH)$(shell echo $(XC_HOST) | sed "s/[^-]*\(.*\)$$/\1/") +MARCH := $(subst _,-,$(ARCH)) +else # insert ARCH into HOST +XC_HOST := $(ARCH)$(shell echo $(BUILD_MACHINE) | sed "s/[^-]*\(.*\)$$/\1/") +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(ARCH),mingw32) +$(error "the mingw32 compiler you are using fails the openblas testsuite. please see the README.windows document for a replacement") +else ifeq (cygwin, $(shell $(CC) -dumpmachine | cut -d\- -f3)) +$(error "cannot build julia with cygwin-target compilers. set XC_HOST to i686-w64-mingw32 or x86_64-w64-mingw32 for mingw cross-compile") +else ifeq (msys, $(shell $(CC) -dumpmachine | cut -d\- -f3)) +$(error "cannot build julia with msys-target compilers. please see the README.windows document for instructions on setting up mingw-w64 compilers") +endif + +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS),Darwin) +## Mac is a rather cool 64-bit user-space on 32-bit kernel architecture, so to determine arch we detect +## the capabilities of the hardware, rather than the compiler or kernel, and make a substitution +BUILD_ARCH := $(shell echo $(BUILD_MACHINE) | sed "s/\([^-]*\).*$$/\1/") +ifeq ($(BUILD_ARCH),x86_64) +BUILD_ARCH := i686 +else ifeq ($(BUILD_ARCH),i386) +BUILD_ARCH := i686 +endif +ifeq ($(BUILD_ARCH),i686) +ifeq ($(shell sysctl -n hw.cpu64bit_capable),1) +BUILD_ARCH := x86_64 +endif +BUILD_MACHINE := $(BUILD_ARCH)$(shell echo $(BUILD_MACHINE) | sed "s/[^-]*\(.*\)$$/\1/") +endif +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS),$(OS)) +ARCH := $(BUILD_OS) +endif +endif + +# Detect common pre-SSE2 JULIA_CPU_TARGET values known not to work (#7185) +ifeq ($(MARCH),) +ifneq ($(findstring $(ARCH),i386 i486 i586 i686),) +MARCH := pentium4 +endif +endif + +ifneq ($(findstring $(MARCH),i386 i486 i586 i686 pentium pentium2 pentium3),) +$(error Pre-SSE2 CPU targets not supported. To create a generic 32-bit x86 binary, \ +pass 'MARCH=pentium4'.) +endif + +# We map amd64 to x86_64 for compatibility with systems that identify 64-bit systems as such +ifeq ($(ARCH),amd64) +override ARCH := x86_64 +endif + +ifeq ($(ARCH),i386) +BINARY:=32 +ISX86:=1 +else ifeq ($(ARCH),i387) +BINARY:=32 +ISX86:=1 +else ifeq ($(ARCH),i486) +BINARY:=32 +ISX86:=1 +else ifeq ($(ARCH),i586) +BINARY:=32 +ISX86:=1 +else ifeq ($(ARCH),i686) +BINARY:=32 +ISX86:=1 +else ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64) +BINARY:=64 +ISX86:=1 +else +# For all other architectures (ARM, PPC, AArch64, etc.) +ISX86:=0 +endif + +# If we are running on powerpc64le or ppc64le, set certain options automatically +ifneq (,$(filter $(ARCH), powerpc64le ppc64le)) +JCFLAGS += -fsigned-char +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH:=0 +OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH:=POWER8 +BINARY:=64 +# GCC doesn't do -march= on ppc64le +MARCH= +endif + +# If we are running on powerpc64 or ppc64, fail out dramatically +ifneq (,$(filter $(ARCH), powerpc64 ppc64)) +$(error Big-endian PPC64 is not supported, to ignore this error, set ARCH=ppc64le) +endif + +# File name of make binary-dist result +ifeq ($(JULIA_BINARYDIST_FILENAME),) +DIST_OS:=$(shell echo $(OS) | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') +ifeq (WINNT,$(OS)) +DIST_OS:=win +endif +ifeq (Linux,$(OS)) +DIST_OS:=linux +endif +ifeq (Darwin,$(OS)) +DIST_OS:=mac +endif +DIST_ARCH:=$(ARCH) +ifneq (,$(filter $(ARCH), powerpc64le ppc64le)) +DIST_ARCH:=ppc64le +endif +ifeq (1,$(ISX86)) +DIST_ARCH:=$(BINARY) +endif +ifneq (,$(findstring arm,$(ARCH))) +DIST_ARCH:=arm +endif + +JULIA_BINARYDIST_FILENAME := julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT)-$(DIST_OS)$(DIST_ARCH) +endif + +# If we are running on ARM, set certain options automatically +ifneq (,$(findstring arm,$(ARCH))) +JCFLAGS += -fsigned-char +USE_BLAS64:=0 +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH:=0 +OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH:=ARMV7 +USE_SYSTEM_LIBM:=1 +endif + +# If we are running on aarch64 (e.g. ARMv8 or ARM64), set certain options automatically +ifneq (,$(findstring aarch64,$(ARCH))) +OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH:=0 +OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH:=ARMV8 +endif + +# Set MARCH-specific flags +ifneq ($(MARCH),) +CC += -march=$(MARCH) +CXX += -march=$(MARCH) +FC += -march=$(MARCH) +JULIA_CPU_TARGET ?= $(MARCH) +ifeq ($(OS),Darwin) +# on Darwin, the standalone `as` program doesn't know +# how to handle AVX instructions, but it does know how +# to dispatch to the clang assembler (if we ask it to) +ifeq ($(USECLANG),1) +CC += -integrated-as +CXX += -integrated-as +else +CC += -Wa,-q +CXX += -Wa,-q +endif +FC += -Wa,-q +AS += -q +endif +endif + +JULIA_CPU_TARGET ?= native + +ifneq ($(OS),WINNT) +# Windows headers with this configuration conflicts with LLVM +# (Symbol renames are done with macros) +# We mainly need this on linux for cgmemmgr so don't worry about windows for now... +JCXXFLAGS += -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 +endif + +# Set some ARCH-specific flags +ifneq ($(USEICC),1) +ifeq ($(ISX86),1) +CC += -m$(BINARY) +CXX += -m$(BINARY) +FC += -m$(BINARY) +CC_ARG += -m$(BINARY) +CXX_ARG += -m$(BINARY) +FC_ARG += -m$(BINARY) +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(OS),WINNT) +ifneq ($(ARCH),x86_64) +ifneq ($(USECLANG),1) +JCFLAGS += -mincoming-stack-boundary=2 +JCXXFLAGS += -mincoming-stack-boundary=2 +endif +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USEGCC),1) +ifeq ($(ISX86),1) + SHIPFLAGS += -momit-leaf-frame-pointer +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(OS),WINNT) +LIBUNWIND:= +else ifneq ($(DISABLE_LIBUNWIND), 0) +LIBUNWIND:= +else +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LIBUNWIND), 1) +ifneq ($(OS),Darwin) +LIBUNWIND:=-lunwind-generic -lunwind +# Only for linux since we want to use not yet released libunwind features +JCFLAGS+=-DSYSTEM_LIBUNWIND +JCPPFLAGS+=-DSYSTEM_LIBUNWIND +endif +else +ifeq ($(OS),Darwin) +LIBUNWIND:=$(build_libdir)/libosxunwind.a +JCPPFLAGS+=-DLIBOSXUNWIND +else +LIBUNWIND:=$(build_libdir)/libunwind-generic.a $(build_libdir)/libunwind.a +endif +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(origin LLVM_CONFIG), undefined) +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LLVM), 1) +LLVM_CONFIG := llvm-config$(EXE) +else +LLVM_CONFIG := $(build_depsbindir)/llvm-config$(EXE) +endif +endif # LLVM_CONFIG undefined + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LLVM), 1) +JCPPFLAGS+=-DSYSTEM_LLVM +endif # SYSTEM_LLVM + +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS),$(OS)) +LLVM_CONFIG_HOST := $(LLVM_CONFIG) +else +LLVM_CONFIG_HOST := $(basename $(LLVM_CONFIG))-host$(BUILD_EXE) +ifeq (exists, $(shell [ -f '$(LLVM_CONFIG_HOST)' ] && echo exists )) +ifeq ($(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG_HOST) --version),3.3) +# llvm-config-host <= 3.3 is broken, use llvm-config instead (in an emulator) +# use delayed expansion (= not :=) because spawn isn't defined until later +LLVM_CONFIG_HOST = $(call spawn,$(LLVM_CONFIG)) +endif +else +# llvm-config-host does not exist (cmake build) +LLVM_CONFIG_HOST = $(call spawn,$(LLVM_CONFIG)) +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_PCRE), 1) +PCRE_CONFIG := pcre2-config +else +PCRE_CONFIG := $(build_depsbindir)/pcre2-config +endif + +# Use ILP64 BLAS interface when building openblas from source on 64-bit architectures +ifeq ($(BINARY), 64) +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS), 1) +ifeq ($(USE_INTEL_MKL), 1) +USE_BLAS64 ?= 1 +else # non MKL system blas is most likely LP64 +USE_BLAS64 ?= 0 +endif +else +USE_BLAS64 ?= 1 +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS), 1) +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) +USE_BLAS64 := 0 +USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK := 0 +LIBBLAS := -L$(build_libdir) -lgfortblas +LIBBLASNAME := libgfortblas +else +LIBBLAS ?= -lblas +LIBBLASNAME ?= libblas +endif +else +LIBBLAS := -L$(build_shlibdir) -lopenblas +LIBBLASNAME := libopenblas +endif + +# OpenBLAS builds LAPACK as part of its build. +# We only need to build LAPACK if we are not using OpenBLAS. +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS), 0) +LIBLAPACK := $(LIBBLAS) +LIBLAPACKNAME := $(LIBBLASNAME) +else +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK), 1) +LIBLAPACK ?= -llapack +LIBLAPACKNAME ?= liblapack +else +LIBLAPACK := -L$(build_shlibdir) -llapack $(LIBBLAS) +LIBLAPACKNAME := liblapack +endif +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LIBM), 1) +LIBM := -lm +LIBMNAME := libm +else +LIBM := -lopenlibm +LIBMNAME := libopenlibm +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LIBUV), 1) + LIBUV := $(LOCALBASE)/lib/libuv-julia.a + LIBUV_INC := $(LOCALBASE)/include +else + LIBUV := $(build_libdir)/libuv.a + LIBUV_INC := $(build_includedir) +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_UTF8PROC), 1) + LIBUTF8PROC := -lutf8proc + UTF8PROC_INC := $(LOCALBASE)/include +else + LIBUTF8PROC := $(build_libdir)/libutf8proc.a + UTF8PROC_INC := $(build_includedir) +endif + +# OS specific stuff + +# install_name_tool +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) + # must end with a / and have no trailing spaces + INSTALL_NAME_ID_DIR := @rpath/ + INSTALL_NAME_CMD := install_name_tool -id $(INSTALL_NAME_ID_DIR) + INSTALL_NAME_CHANGE_CMD := install_name_tool -change +ifneq (,$(findstring LLVM,$(shell dsymutil --version))) + DSYMUTIL := dsymutil +else ifeq ($(shell test `dsymutil -v | cut -d\- -f2 | cut -d. -f1` -gt 102 && echo yes), yes) + DSYMUTIL := dsymutil +else + DSYMUTIL := true -ignore +endif +else + INSTALL_NAME_ID_DIR := + INSTALL_NAME_CMD := true -ignore + INSTALL_NAME_CHANGE_CMD := true -ignore + DSYMUTIL := true -ignore +endif + +# shared library runtime paths +ifeq ($(OS), WINNT) + RPATH := + RPATH_ORIGIN := + RPATH_ESCAPED_ORIGIN := + RPATH_LIB := +else ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) + RPATH := -Wl,-rpath,'@executable_path/$(build_libdir_rel)' + RPATH_ORIGIN := -Wl,-rpath,'@loader_path/' + RPATH_ESCAPED_ORIGIN := $(RPATH_ORIGIN) + RPATH_LIB := -Wl,-rpath,'@loader_path/julia/' -Wl,-rpath,'@loader_path/' +else + RPATH := -Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN/$(build_libdir_rel)' -Wl,-rpath-link,$(build_shlibdir) -Wl,-z,origin +ifeq ($(OS), FreeBSD) + RPATH += -Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN/$(build_private_libdir_rel)' +endif + RPATH_ORIGIN := -Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN' -Wl,-z,origin + RPATH_ESCAPED_ORIGIN := -Wl,-rpath,'\$$\$$ORIGIN' -Wl,-z,origin -Wl,-rpath-link,$(build_shlibdir) + RPATH_LIB := -Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN/julia' -Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN' -Wl,-z,origin +endif + +# --whole-archive +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) + WHOLE_ARCHIVE := -Xlinker -all_load + NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE := +else ifneq ($(USEMSVC), 1) + WHOLE_ARCHIVE := -Wl,--whole-archive + NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE := -Wl,--no-whole-archive +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), Linux) +OSLIBS += -Wl,--no-as-needed -ldl -lrt -lpthread -Wl,--export-dynamic,--as-needed,--no-whole-archive $(LIBUNWIND) +# Detect if ifunc is supported +IFUNC_DETECT_SRC := 'void (*f0(void))(void) { return (void(*)(void))0L; }; void f(void) __attribute__((ifunc("f0")));' +ifeq (supported, $(shell echo $(IFUNC_DETECT_SRC) | $(CC) -Werror -x c - -S -o /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 && echo supported)) +JCPPFLAGS += -DJULIA_HAS_IFUNC_SUPPORT=1 +endif +ifneq ($(SANITIZE),1) +ifneq ($(SANITIZE_MEMORY),1) +ifneq ($(LLVM_SANITIZE),1) +OSLIBS += -Wl,--version-script=$(JULIAHOME)/src/julia.expmap +endif +endif +endif +JLDFLAGS := -Wl,-Bdynamic +ifeq (-Bsymbolic-functions, $(shell $(LD) --help | grep -o -e "-Bsymbolic-functions")) +JLIBLDFLAGS := -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions +else +JLIBLDFLAGS := +endif +else #Linux +JLIBLDFLAGS := +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), FreeBSD) +JLDFLAGS := -Wl,-Bdynamic +OSLIBS += -lelf -lkvm -lrt + +# Tweak order of libgcc_s in DT_NEEDED, +# make it loaded first to +# prevent from linking to outdated system libs. +# See #21788 +OSLIBS += -lgcc_s + +OSLIBS += -Wl,--export-dynamic -Wl,--version-script=$(JULIAHOME)/src/julia.expmap \ + $(NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE) $(LIBUNWIND) +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) +INSTALL_NAME_CMD := install_name_tool -id $(INSTALL_NAME_ID_DIR) +INSTALL_NAME_CHANGE_CMD := install_name_tool -change +SHLIB_EXT := dylib +OSLIBS += -ldl -Wl,-w -framework CoreFoundation -framework CoreServices $(LIBUNWIND) +WHOLE_ARCHIVE := -Xlinker -all_load +NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE := +JLDFLAGS := +HAVE_SSP := 1 +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), WINNT) +ifneq ($(USEMSVC), 1) +HAVE_SSP := 1 +OSLIBS += -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--version-script=$(JULIAHOME)/src/julia.expmap \ + $(NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE) -lpsapi -lkernel32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lwinmm -ldbghelp -luserenv +JLDFLAGS := -Wl,--stack,8388608 +ifeq ($(ARCH),i686) +JLDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware +endif +else #USEMSVC +OSLIBS += kernel32.lib ws2_32.lib psapi.lib advapi32.lib iphlpapi.lib shell32.lib winmm.lib userenv.lib +JLDFLAGS := -stack:8388608 +endif +JCPPFLAGS += -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0502 +UNTRUSTED_SYSTEM_LIBM := 1 +endif + +# Threads +ifneq ($(JULIA_THREADS), 0) +JCPPFLAGS += -DJULIA_ENABLE_THREADING -DJULIA_NUM_THREADS=$(JULIA_THREADS) +endif + +# Intel VTune Amplifier +ifeq ($(USE_INTEL_JITEVENTS), 1) +JCPPFLAGS += -DJL_USE_INTEL_JITEVENTS +endif + +# OProfile +ifeq ($(USE_OPROFILE_JITEVENTS), 1) +JCPPFLAGS += -DJL_USE_OPROFILE_JITEVENTS +endif + +ifeq ($(DISABLE_LIBUNWIND), 1) +JCPPFLAGS += -DJL_DISABLE_LIBUNWIND +endif + +# perf +ifeq ($(USE_PERF_JITEVENTS), 1) +JCPPFLAGS += -DJL_USE_PERF_JITEVENTS +endif + + +# Intel libraries + +ifeq ($(USE_INTEL_LIBM), 1) +USE_SYSTEM_LIBM := 1 +LIBM := -L$(MKLROOT)/../compiler/lib/intel64 -limf +LIBMNAME := libimf +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_INTEL_MKL), 1) +ifeq ($(USE_BLAS64), 1) +export MKL_INTERFACE_LAYER := ILP64 +MKLLIB := $(MKLROOT)/lib/intel64 +else +MKLLIB := $(MKLROOT)/lib/ia32 +endif +USE_SYSTEM_BLAS:=1 +USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK:=1 +LIBBLASNAME := libmkl_rt +LIBLAPACKNAME := libmkl_rt +MKL_LDFLAGS := -L$(MKLLIB) -lmkl_rt +ifneq ($(strip $(MKLLIB)),) + ifeq ($(OS), Linux) + RPATH_MKL := -Wl,-rpath,$(MKLLIB) + RPATH += $(RPATH_MKL) + MKL_LDFLAGS += $(RPATH_MKL) + endif +endif +LIBBLAS := $(MKL_LDFLAGS) +LIBLAPACK := $(MKL_LDFLAGS) +endif + +ifeq ($(HAVE_SSP),1) +JCPPFLAGS += -DHAVE_SSP=1 +ifeq ($(USEGCC),1) +OSLIBS += -lssp +endif +endif + +# ATLAS + +# ATLAS must have been previously installed to usr/lib/libatlas +# (built as a shared library, for your platform, single threaded) +USE_ATLAS := 0 +ATLAS_LIBDIR := $(build_libdir) +#or ATLAS_LIBDIR := /path/to/system/atlas/lib + +ifeq ($(USE_ATLAS), 1) +USE_BLAS64 := 0 +USE_SYSTEM_BLAS := 1 +USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK := 1 +LIBBLAS := -L$(ATLAS_LIBDIR) -lsatlas +LIBLAPACK := $(LIBBLAS) +LIBBLASNAME := libsatlas +LIBLAPACKNAME := $(LIBBLASNAME) +endif + +# Renaming OpenBLAS symbols, see #4923 and #8734 +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS), 0) +ifeq ($(USE_BLAS64), 1) +OPENBLAS_SYMBOLSUFFIX := 64_ +OPENBLAS_LIBNAMESUFFIX := 64_ +LIBBLAS := -L$(build_shlibdir) -lopenblas$(OPENBLAS_LIBNAMESUFFIX) +LIBLAPACK := $(LIBBLAS) +LIBBLASNAME := $(LIBBLASNAME)$(OPENBLAS_LIBNAMESUFFIX) +LIBLAPACKNAME := $(LIBBLASNAME) +endif +endif + +# Custom libcxx +ifeq ($(BUILD_CUSTOM_LIBCXX),1) +LDFLAGS += -L$(build_libdir) +CXXLDFLAGS += -L$(build_libdir) -lc++abi -lc++ +ifeq ($(USECLANG),1) +CXXLDFLAGS += -stdlib=libc++ +else +ifeq ($(USEGCC),1) +$(error BUILD_CUSTOM_LIBCXX is currently only supported with Clang. Try setting BUILD_CUSTOM_LIBCXX=0) +endif +endif # Clang +CUSTOM_LD_LIBRARY_PATH := LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(build_libdir)" +ifeq ($(USEICC),1) +CXXFLAGS += -cxxlib-nostd -static-intel +CLDFLAGS += -static-intel +LDFLAGS += -cxxlib-nostd -static-intel +endif +endif + +# Make tricks + +define dir_target +$$(subst $$(abspath $(JULIAHOME))/,,$$(abspath $(1))): $$(abspath $(1)) +$$(abspath $(1)): + @mkdir -p $$@ +endef + +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS), WINNT) +define mingw_to_dos +$(subst /,\\,$(subst $(shell $(2) pwd),$(shell $(2) cmd //C cd),$(abspath $(1)))) +endef +endif + +define symlink_target # (from, to-dir, to-name) +CLEAN_TARGETS += clean-$$(abspath $(2)/$(3)) +clean-$$(abspath $(2)/$(3)): +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS), WINNT) + -cmd //C rmdir $$(call mingw_to_dos,$(2)/$(3),cd $(2) &&) +else + -rm -r $$(abspath $(2)/$(3)) +endif +$$(subst $$(abspath $(JULIAHOME))/,,$$(abspath $(2)/$(3))): $$(abspath $(2)/$(3)) +$$(abspath $(2)/$(3)): | $$(abspath $(2)) +ifeq ($$(BUILD_OS), WINNT) + @cmd //C mklink //J $$(call mingw_to_dos,$(2)/$(3),cd $(2) &&) $$(call mingw_to_dos,$(1),) +else ifneq (,$$(findstring CYGWIN,$$(BUILD_OS))) + @cmd /C mklink /J $$(call cygpath_w,$(2)/$(3)) $$(call cygpath_w,$(1)) +else ifdef JULIA_VAGRANT_BUILD + @rm -r $$@ + @cp -R $$(abspath $(1)) $$@.tmp + @mv $$@.tmp $$@ +else + @ln -sf $$(abspath $(1)) $$@ +endif +endef + +# many of the following targets must be = not := because the expansion of the makefile functions (and $1) shouldn't happen until later +ifeq ($(BUILD_OS), WINNT) # MSYS +spawn = $(1) +cygpath_w = $(1) +else ifneq (,$(findstring CYGWIN,$(BUILD_OS))) # Cygwin +spawn = $(1) +cygpath_w = `cygpath -w $(1)` +else +ifeq ($(OS), WINNT) # unix-to-Windows cross-compile +spawn = wine $(1) +cygpath_w = `winepath -w $(1)` +else # not Windows +spawn = $(1) +cygpath_w = $(1) +endif +endif + +exec = $(shell $(call spawn,$(1))) + +pathsearch = $(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(1),$(subst :, ,$(2))))) + +JULIA_BUILD_MODE := release +JULIA_LIBSUFFIX:= +ifeq (,$(findstring release,$(MAKECMDGOALS))) +ifneq (,$(findstring debug,$(MAKECMDGOALS))) +JULIA_BUILD_MODE := debug +JULIA_LIBSUFFIX:=-debug +endif +endif + +JULIA_EXECUTABLE_debug := $(build_bindir)/julia-debug$(EXE) +JULIA_EXECUTABLE_release := $(build_bindir)/julia$(EXE) +JULIA_EXECUTABLE := $(JULIA_EXECUTABLE_$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE)) + +# Colors for make +ifndef VERBOSE +VERBOSE := 0 +endif + +WARNCOLOR:="\033[33;1m" +ENDCOLOR:="\033[0m" + +ifeq ($(VERBOSE), 0) + +QUIET_MAKE = -s + +CCCOLOR:="\033[34m" +LINKCOLOR:="\033[34;1m" +PERLCOLOR:="\033[35m" +FLISPCOLOR:="\033[32m" +JULIACOLOR:="\033[32;1m" + +SRCCOLOR:="\033[33m" +BINCOLOR:="\033[37;1m" +JULCOLOR:="\033[34;1m" + +GOAL=$(subst ','\'',$(subst $(abspath $(JULIAHOME))/,,$(abspath $@))) + +PRINT_CC = printf ' %b %b\n' $(CCCOLOR)CC$(ENDCOLOR) $(SRCCOLOR)$(GOAL)$(ENDCOLOR); $(1) +PRINT_LINK = printf ' %b %b\n' $(LINKCOLOR)LINK$(ENDCOLOR) $(BINCOLOR)$(GOAL)$(ENDCOLOR); $(1) +PRINT_PERL = printf ' %b %b\n' $(PERLCOLOR)PERL$(ENDCOLOR) $(BINCOLOR)$(GOAL)$(ENDCOLOR); $(1) +PRINT_FLISP = printf ' %b %b\n' $(FLISPCOLOR)FLISP$(ENDCOLOR) $(BINCOLOR)$(GOAL)$(ENDCOLOR); $(1) +PRINT_JULIA = printf ' %b %b\n' $(JULIACOLOR)JULIA$(ENDCOLOR) $(BINCOLOR)$(GOAL)$(ENDCOLOR); $(1) + +else +QUIET_MAKE = +PRINT_CC = echo '$(subst ','\'',$(1))'; $(1) +PRINT_LINK = echo '$(subst ','\'',$(1))'; $(1) +PRINT_PERL = echo '$(subst ','\'',$(1))'; $(1) +PRINT_FLISP = echo '$(subst ','\'',$(1))'; $(1) +PRINT_JULIA = echo '$(subst ','\'',$(1))'; $(1) + +endif + +# Makefile debugging trick: +# call print-VARIABLE to see the runtime value of any variable +print-%: + @echo '$*=$($*)' diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff6f88c --- /dev/null +++ b/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,664 @@ +JULIAHOME := $(abspath $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))) +include $(JULIAHOME)/Make.inc + +VERSDIR := v`cut -d. -f1-2 < $(JULIAHOME)/VERSION` + +default: $(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) # contains either "debug" or "release" +all: debug release + +# sort is used to remove potential duplicates +DIRS := $(sort $(build_bindir) $(build_depsbindir) $(build_libdir) $(build_private_libdir) $(build_libexecdir) $(build_includedir) $(build_includedir)/julia $(build_sysconfdir)/julia $(build_datarootdir)/julia $(build_datarootdir)/julia/stdlib $(build_man1dir)) +ifneq ($(BUILDROOT),$(JULIAHOME)) +BUILDDIRS := $(BUILDROOT) $(addprefix $(BUILDROOT)/,base src ui doc deps stdlib test test/embedding) +BUILDDIRMAKE := $(addsuffix /Makefile,$(BUILDDIRS)) +DIRS := $(DIRS) $(BUILDDIRS) +$(BUILDDIRMAKE): | $(BUILDDIRS) + @# add Makefiles to the build directories for convenience (pointing back to the source location of each) + @echo '# -- This file is automatically generated in julia/Makefile -- #' > $@ + @echo 'BUILDROOT=$(BUILDROOT)' >> $@ + @echo 'include $(JULIAHOME)$(patsubst $(BUILDROOT)%,%,$@)' >> $@ +julia-deps: | $(BUILDDIRMAKE) +configure-y: | $(BUILDDIRMAKE) +configure: +ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line") + @if [ "$$(ls '$(BUILDROOT)' 2> /dev/null)" ]; then \ + echo 'WARNING: configure called on non-empty directory $(BUILDROOT)'; \ + read -p "Proceed [y/n]? " answer; \ + else \ + answer=y;\ + fi; \ + [ $$answer = 'y' ] && $(MAKE) configure-$$answer +else + $(error "cannot rerun configure from within a build directory") +endif +else +configure: + $(error "must specify O=builddir to run the Julia `make configure` target") +endif + +$(foreach dir,$(DIRS),$(eval $(call dir_target,$(dir)))) +$(foreach link,base $(JULIAHOME)/test,$(eval $(call symlink_target,$(link),$$(build_datarootdir)/julia,$(notdir $(link))))) + +julia_flisp.boot.inc.phony: julia-deps + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/src julia_flisp.boot.inc.phony + +# Build the HTML docs (skipped if already exists, notably in tarballs) +$(BUILDROOT)/doc/_build/html/en/index.html: $(shell find $(BUILDROOT)/base $(BUILDROOT)/doc \( -path $(BUILDROOT)/doc/_build -o -path $(BUILDROOT)/doc/deps -o -name *_constants.jl -o -name *_h.jl -o -name version_git.jl \) -prune -o -type f -print) + @$(MAKE) docs + +julia-symlink: julia-ui-$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) +ifneq ($(OS),WINNT) +ifndef JULIA_VAGRANT_BUILD + @ln -sf "$(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh "$(BUILDROOT)" "$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE)")" $(BUILDROOT)/julia +endif +endif + +julia-deps: | $(DIRS) $(build_datarootdir)/julia/base $(build_datarootdir)/julia/test + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/deps + +julia-stdlib: | $(DIRS) + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/stdlib + +julia-base: julia-deps $(build_sysconfdir)/julia/startup.jl $(build_man1dir)/julia.1 $(build_datarootdir)/julia/julia-config.jl + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/base + +julia-libccalltest: julia-deps + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/src libccalltest + +julia-src-release julia-src-debug : julia-src-% : julia-deps julia_flisp.boot.inc.phony + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/src libjulia-$* + +julia-ui-release julia-ui-debug : julia-ui-% : julia-src-% + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/ui julia-$* + +julia-sysimg : julia-base julia-ui-$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT) $(build_private_libdir)/sys.ji JULIA_EXECUTABLE='$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE)' + +julia-sysimg-release : julia-stdlib julia-sysimg julia-ui-release + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT) $(build_private_libdir)/sys.$(SHLIB_EXT) + +julia-sysimg-debug : julia-stdlib julia-sysimg julia-ui-debug + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT) $(build_private_libdir)/sys-debug.$(SHLIB_EXT) + +julia-debug julia-release : julia-% : julia-ui-% julia-sysimg-% julia-symlink julia-libccalltest julia-base-cache + +debug release : % : julia-% + +docs: julia-sysimg-$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/doc JULIA_EXECUTABLE='$(call spawn,$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE_$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE)))' + +check-whitespace: +ifneq ($(NO_GIT), 1) + @$(JULIAHOME)/contrib/check-whitespace.sh +else + $(warn "Skipping whitespace check because git is unavailable") +endif + +release-candidate: release testall + @$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE) $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/add_license_to_files.jl #add license headers + @#Check documentation + @$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE) $(JULIAHOME)/doc/NEWS-update.jl #Add missing cross-references to NEWS.md + @$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/doc html doctest=true linkcheck=true + @$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/doc pdf + + @# Check to see if the above make invocations changed anything important + @if [ -n "$$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then \ + echo "Git repository dirty; Verify and commit changes to the repository, then retry"; \ + exit 1; \ + fi + + @#Check that netload tests work + @#for test in test/netload/*.jl; do julia $$test; if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then exit 1; fi; done + @echo + @echo To complete the release candidate checklist: + @echo + + @echo 1. Remove deprecations in base/deprecated.jl + @echo 2. Update references to the julia version in the source directories, such as in README.md + @echo 3. Bump VERSION + @echo 4. Increase SOMAJOR and SOMINOR if needed. + @echo 5. Create tag, push to github "\(git tag v\`cat VERSION\` && git push --tags\)" #"` # These comments deal with incompetent syntax highlighting rules + @echo 6. Clean out old .tar.gz files living in deps/, "\`git clean -fdx\`" seems to work #"` + @echo 7. Replace github release tarball with tarballs created from make light-source-dist and make full-source-dist + @echo 8. Check that 'make && make install && make test' succeed with unpacked tarballs even without Internet access. + @echo 9. Follow packaging instructions in DISTRIBUTING.md to create binary packages for all platforms + @echo 10. Upload to AWS, update https://julialang.org/downloads and http://status.julialang.org/stable links + @echo 11. Update checksums on AWS for tarball and packaged binaries + @echo 12. Announce on mailing lists + @echo 13. Change master to release-0.X in base/version.jl and base/version_git.sh as in 4cb1e20 + @echo + +$(build_man1dir)/julia.1: $(JULIAHOME)/doc/man/julia.1 | $(build_man1dir) + @echo Copying in usr/share/man/man1/julia.1 + @mkdir -p $(build_man1dir) + @cp $< $@ + +$(build_sysconfdir)/julia/startup.jl: $(JULIAHOME)/etc/startup.jl | $(build_sysconfdir)/julia + @echo Creating usr/etc/julia/startup.jl + @cp $< $@ + +$(build_datarootdir)/julia/julia-config.jl : $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/julia-config.jl | $(build_datarootdir)/julia + $(INSTALL_M) $< $(dir $@) + +$(build_private_libdir)/%.$(SHLIB_EXT): $(build_private_libdir)/%-o.a + @$(call PRINT_LINK, $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) -shared $(fPIC) -L$(build_private_libdir) -L$(build_libdir) -L$(build_shlibdir) -o $@ \ + $(WHOLE_ARCHIVE) $< $(NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE) \ + $(if $(findstring -debug,$(notdir $@)),-ljulia-debug,-ljulia) \ + $$([ $(OS) = WINNT ] && echo '' -lssp)) + @$(INSTALL_NAME_CMD)$(notdir $@) $@ + @$(DSYMUTIL) $@ + +COMPILER_SRCS := $(addprefix $(JULIAHOME)/, \ + base/boot.jl \ + base/docs/core.jl \ + base/abstractarray.jl \ + base/abstractdict.jl \ + base/array.jl \ + base/bitarray.jl \ + base/bitset.jl \ + base/bool.jl \ + base/ctypes.jl \ + base/error.jl \ + base/essentials.jl \ + base/expr.jl \ + base/generator.jl \ + base/int.jl \ + base/indices.jl \ + base/iterators.jl \ + base/namedtuple.jl \ + base/number.jl \ + base/operators.jl \ + base/options.jl \ + base/pair.jl \ + base/pointer.jl \ + base/promotion.jl \ + base/range.jl \ + base/reflection.jl \ + base/traits.jl \ + base/refvalue.jl \ + base/tuple.jl) +COMPILER_SRCS += $(shell find $(JULIAHOME)/base/compiler -name \*.jl) +# sort these to remove duplicates +BASE_SRCS := $(sort $(shell find $(JULIAHOME)/base -name \*.jl -and -not -name sysimg.jl) \ + $(shell find $(BUILDROOT)/base -name \*.jl -and -not -name sysimg.jl)) +STDLIB_SRCS := $(JULIAHOME)/base/sysimg.jl $(shell find $(build_datarootdir)/julia/stdlib/$(VERSDIR)/*/src -name \*.jl) +RELBUILDROOT := $(shell $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/relative_path.sh "$(JULIAHOME)/base" "$(BUILDROOT)/base/") + +$(build_private_libdir)/corecompiler.ji: $(COMPILER_SRCS) | $(build_private_libdir) + @$(call PRINT_JULIA, cd $(JULIAHOME)/base && \ + $(call spawn,$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE)) -C "$(JULIA_CPU_TARGET)" --output-ji $(call cygpath_w,$@).tmp \ + --startup-file=no -g0 -O0 compiler/compiler.jl) + @mv $@.tmp $@ + +COMMA:=, +$(build_private_libdir)/sys.ji: $(build_private_libdir)/corecompiler.ji $(JULIAHOME)/VERSION $(BASE_SRCS) $(STDLIB_SRCS) + @$(call PRINT_JULIA, cd $(JULIAHOME)/base && \ + if ! $(call spawn,$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE)) -g1 -O0 -C "$(JULIA_CPU_TARGET)" --output-ji $(call cygpath_w,$@).tmp $(JULIA_SYSIMG_BUILD_FLAGS) \ + --startup-file=no --warn-overwrite=yes --sysimage $(call cygpath_w,$<) sysimg.jl $(RELBUILDROOT); then \ + echo '*** This error might be fixed by running `make clean`. If the error persists$$(COMMA) try `make cleanall`. ***'; \ + false; \ + fi ) + @mv $@.tmp $@ + +define sysimg_builder +$$(build_private_libdir)/sys$1-o.a $$(build_private_libdir)/sys$1-bc.a : $$(build_private_libdir)/sys$1-%.a : $$(build_private_libdir)/sys.ji + @$$(call PRINT_JULIA, cd $$(JULIAHOME)/base && \ + if ! $$(call spawn,$3) $2 -C "$$(JULIA_CPU_TARGET)" --output-$$* $$(call cygpath_w,$$@).tmp $$(JULIA_SYSIMG_BUILD_FLAGS) \ + --startup-file=no --warn-overwrite=yes --sysimage $$(call cygpath_w,$$<) $$(call cygpath_w,$$(JULIAHOME)/contrib/generate_precompile.jl); then \ + echo '*** This error is usually fixed by running `make clean`. If the error persists$$(COMMA) try `make cleanall`. ***'; \ + false; \ + fi ) + @mv $$@.tmp $$@ +.SECONDARY: $$(build_private_libdir)/sys$1-o.a $(build_private_libdir)/sys$1-bc.a # request Make to keep these files around +endef +$(eval $(call sysimg_builder,,-O3,$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE_release))) +$(eval $(call sysimg_builder,-debug,-O0,$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE_debug))) + +$(build_depsbindir)/stringreplace: $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/stringreplace.c | $(build_depsbindir) + @$(call PRINT_CC, $(HOSTCC) -o $(build_depsbindir)/stringreplace $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/stringreplace.c) + +julia-base-cache: julia-sysimg-$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) | $(DIRS) $(build_datarootdir)/julia + @$(call spawn,$(JULIA_EXECUTABLE) --startup-file=no $(call cygpath_w,$(JULIAHOME)/etc/write_base_cache.jl) \ + $(call cygpath_w,$(build_datarootdir)/julia/base.cache)) + +# public libraries, that are installed in $(prefix)/lib +JL_TARGETS := julia +ifeq ($(BUNDLE_DEBUG_LIBS),1) +JL_TARGETS += julia-debug +endif + +# private libraries, that are installed in $(prefix)/lib/julia +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 := libccalltest +ifeq ($(USE_GPL_LIBS), 1) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 += libsuitesparse_wrapper +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_SUITESPARSE) += libamd libcamd libccolamd libcholmod libcolamd libumfpack libspqr libsuitesparseconfig +endif +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_PCRE) += libpcre2-8 +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_DSFMT) += libdSFMT +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_GMP) += libgmp +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_MPFR) += libmpfr +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_LIBSSH2) += libssh2 +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_MBEDTLS) += libmbedtls libmbedcrypto libmbedx509 +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_CURL) += libcurl +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_LIBGIT2) += libgit2 +ifeq ($(USE_LLVM_SHLIB),1) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_LLVM) += libLLVM libLLVM-6 +endif + +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_OPENLIBM),0) +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LIBM),0) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 += $(LIBMNAME) +endif +endif + +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS) += $(LIBBLASNAME) +ifneq ($(LIBLAPACKNAME),$(LIBBLASNAME)) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-$(USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK) += $(LIBLAPACKNAME) +endif + +ifeq ($(OS),Darwin) +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS),1) +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK),0) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 += libgfortblas +endif +endif +endif + +# On FreeBSD, /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 is incompatible with Fortran; to use Fortran on FreeBSD, +# we need to link to the libgcc_s that ships with the same GCC version used by libgfortran. +# To work around this, we copy the GCC libraries we need, namely libgfortran, libgcc_s, +# and libquadmath, into our build library directory, $(build_libdir). We also add them to +# JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 so that they know where they need to live at install time. +ifeq ($(OS),FreeBSD) +define std_so +julia-deps: | $$(build_libdir)/$(1).so +$$(build_libdir)/$(1).so: | $$(build_libdir) + $$(INSTALL_M) $$(GCCPATH)/$(1).so* $$(build_libdir) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 += $(1) +endef + +$(eval $(call std_so,libgfortran)) +$(eval $(call std_so,libgcc_s)) +$(eval $(call std_so,libquadmath)) +endif # FreeBSD + +ifeq ($(OS),WINNT) +define std_dll +julia-deps: | $$(build_bindir)/lib$(1).dll $$(build_depsbindir)/lib$(1).dll +$$(build_bindir)/lib$(1).dll: | $$(build_bindir) + cp $$(call pathsearch,lib$(1).dll,$$(STD_LIB_PATH)) $$(build_bindir) +$$(build_depsbindir)/lib$(1).dll: | $$(build_depsbindir) + cp $$(call pathsearch,lib$(1).dll,$$(STD_LIB_PATH)) $$(build_depsbindir) +JL_TARGETS += $(1) +endef + +# Given a list of space-separated libraries, return the first library name that is +# correctly found through `pathsearch`. +define select_std_dll +$(firstword $(foreach name,$(1),$(if $(call pathsearch,lib$(name).dll,$(STD_LIB_PATH)),$(name),))) +endef + +$(eval $(call std_dll,$(call select_std_dll,gfortran-3 gfortran-4 gfortran-5))) +$(eval $(call std_dll,quadmath-0)) +$(eval $(call std_dll,stdc++-6)) +ifeq ($(ARCH),i686) +$(eval $(call std_dll,gcc_s_sjlj-1)) +else +$(eval $(call std_dll,gcc_s_seh-1)) +endif +$(eval $(call std_dll,ssp-0)) +$(eval $(call std_dll,winpthread-1)) +$(eval $(call std_dll,atomic-1)) +endif + + +define stringreplace + $(build_depsbindir)/stringreplace $$(strings -t x - $1 | grep '$2' | awk '{print $$1;}') '$3' 255 "$(call cygpath_w,$1)" +endef + +# Run fixup-libgfortran on all platforms but Windows and FreeBSD. On FreeBSD we +# pull in the GCC libraries earlier and use them for the build to make sure we +# don't inadvertently link to /lib/libgcc_s.so.1, which is incompatible with +# libgfortran, and on Windows we copy them in earlier as well. +ifeq (,$(findstring $(OS),FreeBSD WINNT)) +julia-base: $(build_libdir)/libgfortran*.$(SHLIB_EXT)* +$(build_libdir)/libgfortran*.$(SHLIB_EXT)*: | $(build_libdir) julia-deps + -$(CUSTOM_LD_LIBRARY_PATH) PATH=$(PATH):$(build_depsbindir) $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/fixup-libgfortran.sh --verbose $(build_libdir) +JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0 += libgfortran libgcc_s libquadmath +endif + + +install: $(build_depsbindir)/stringreplace $(BUILDROOT)/doc/_build/html/en/index.html + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) all + @for subdir in $(bindir) $(datarootdir)/julia/stdlib/$(VERSDIR) $(docdir) $(man1dir) $(includedir)/julia $(libdir) $(private_libdir) $(sysconfdir); do \ + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$$subdir; \ + done + + $(INSTALL_M) $(build_bindir)/julia $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/ +ifeq ($(BUNDLE_DEBUG_LIBS),1) + $(INSTALL_M) $(build_bindir)/julia-debug $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/ +endif +ifeq ($(OS),WINNT) + -$(INSTALL_M) $(build_bindir)/*.dll $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/ + -$(INSTALL_M) $(build_libdir)/libjulia.dll.a $(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ +ifeq ($(BUNDLE_DEBUG_LIBS),1) + -$(INSTALL_M) $(build_libdir)/libjulia-debug.dll.a $(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ +endif + -$(INSTALL_M) $(build_bindir)/libopenlibm.dll.a $(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ +else + +# Copy over .dSYM directories directly for Darwin +ifeq ($(OS),Darwin) + -cp -a $(build_libdir)/libjulia.*.dSYM $(DESTDIR)$(libdir) + -cp -a $(build_private_libdir)/sys.dylib.dSYM $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) +ifeq ($(BUNDLE_DEBUG_LIBS),1) + -cp -a $(build_libdir)/libjulia-debug.*.dSYM $(DESTDIR)$(libdir) + -cp -a $(build_private_libdir)/sys-debug.dylib.dSYM $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) +endif +endif + + for suffix in $(JL_TARGETS) ; do \ + for lib in $(build_libdir)/lib$${suffix}.*$(SHLIB_EXT)*; do \ + if [ "$${lib##*.}" != "dSYM" ]; then \ + $(INSTALL_M) $$lib $(DESTDIR)$(libdir) ; \ + fi \ + done \ + done + for suffix in $(JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-0) ; do \ + for lib in $(build_libdir)/$${suffix}.*$(SHLIB_EXT)*; do \ + if [ "$${lib##*.}" != "dSYM" ]; then \ + $(INSTALL_M) $$lib $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) ; \ + fi \ + done \ + done + for suffix in $(JL_PRIVATE_LIBS-1) ; do \ + lib=$(build_private_libdir)/$${suffix}.$(SHLIB_EXT); \ + $(INSTALL_M) $$lib $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) ; \ + done +endif + + # Copy public headers + cp -R -L $(build_includedir)/julia/* $(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/julia + # Copy system image + $(INSTALL_M) $(build_private_libdir)/sys.$(SHLIB_EXT) $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) +ifeq ($(BUNDLE_DEBUG_LIBS),1) + $(INSTALL_M) $(build_private_libdir)/sys-debug.$(SHLIB_EXT) $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) +endif + + # Copy in system image build script + $(INSTALL_M) $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/build_sysimg.jl $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/ + # Copy in all .jl sources as well + cp -R -L $(build_datarootdir)/julia $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/ + # Copy documentation + cp -R -L $(BUILDROOT)/doc/_build/html $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/ + # Remove various files which should not be installed + -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/base/version_git.sh + -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/test/Makefile + -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/stdlib/$(VERSDIR)/*/source-extracted + -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/stdlib/$(VERSDIR)/*/build-configured + -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/stdlib/$(VERSDIR)/*/build-compiled + -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/stdlib/$(VERSDIR)/*/build-checked + # Copy in beautiful new man page + $(INSTALL_F) $(build_man1dir)/julia.1 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/ + # Copy icon and .desktop file + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/ + $(INSTALL_F) $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/julia.svg $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/ + -touch -c $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/icons/hicolor/ + -gtk-update-icon-cache $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/icons/hicolor/ + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/applications/ + $(INSTALL_F) $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/julia.desktop $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/applications/ + # Install appdata file + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/appdata/ + $(INSTALL_F) $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/julia.appdata.xml $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/appdata/ + + # Update RPATH entries and JL_SYSTEM_IMAGE_PATH if $(private_libdir_rel) != $(build_private_libdir_rel) +ifneq ($(private_libdir_rel),$(build_private_libdir_rel)) +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) + for j in $(JL_TARGETS) ; do \ + install_name_tool -rpath @executable_path/$(build_private_libdir_rel) @executable_path/$(private_libdir_rel) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$j; \ + install_name_tool -add_rpath @executable_path/$(build_libdir_rel) @executable_path/$(libdir_rel) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$j; \ + done +else ifneq (,$(findstring $(OS),Linux FreeBSD)) + for j in $(JL_TARGETS) ; do \ + patchelf --set-rpath '$$ORIGIN/$(private_libdir_rel):$$ORIGIN/$(libdir_rel)' $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$j; \ + done +endif + + # Overwrite JL_SYSTEM_IMAGE_PATH in julia library + $(call stringreplace,$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/libjulia.$(SHLIB_EXT),sys.$(SHLIB_EXT)$$,$(private_libdir_rel)/sys.$(SHLIB_EXT)) +ifeq ($(BUNDLE_DEBUG_LIBS),1) + $(call stringreplace,$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/libjulia-debug.$(SHLIB_EXT),sys-debug.$(SHLIB_EXT)$$,$(private_libdir_rel)/sys-debug.$(SHLIB_EXT)) +endif + +endif + # On FreeBSD, remove the build's libdir from each library's RPATH +ifeq ($(OS),FreeBSD) + $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/fixup-rpath.sh $(build_depsbindir)/patchelf $(DESTDIR)$(libdir) $(build_libdir) + $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/fixup-rpath.sh $(build_depsbindir)/patchelf $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) $(build_libdir) + $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/fixup-rpath.sh $(build_depsbindir)/patchelf $(DESTDIR)$(bindir) $(build_libdir) + # Set libgfortran's RPATH to ORIGIN instead of GCCPATH. It's only libgfortran that + # needs to be fixed here, as libgcc_s and libquadmath don't have RPATHs set. If we + # don't set libgfortran's RPATH, it won't be able to find its friends on systems + # that don't have the exact GCC port installed used for the build. + for lib in $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir)/libgfortran*$(SHLIB_EXT)*; do \ + $(build_depsbindir)/patchelf --set-rpath '$$ORIGIN' $$lib; \ + done +endif + + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(sysconfdir) + cp -R $(build_sysconfdir)/julia $(DESTDIR)$(sysconfdir)/ + +distclean: + -rm -fr $(BUILDROOT)/julia-*.tar.gz $(BUILDROOT)/julia*.exe $(BUILDROOT)/julia-*.7z $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT) + +binary-dist: distclean +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_BLAS),0) +ifeq ($(ISX86),1) +ifneq ($(OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH),1) + @echo OpenBLAS must be rebuilt with OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH=1 to use binary-dist target + @false +endif +endif +endif +ifneq ($(prefix),$(abspath julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT))) + $(error prefix must not be set for make binary-dist) +endif +ifneq ($(DESTDIR),) + $(error DESTDIR must not be set for make binary-dist) +endif + @$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT) -f $(JULIAHOME)/Makefile install + cp $(JULIAHOME)/LICENSE.md $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT) +ifeq ($(OS), Linux) + -$(JULIAHOME)/contrib/fixup-libstdc++.sh $(DESTDIR)$(libdir) $(DESTDIR)$(private_libdir) + + # Copy over any bundled ca certs we picked up from the system during buildi + -cp $(build_datarootdir)/julia/cert.pem $(DESTDIR)$(datarootdir)/julia/ +endif + # Copy in startup.jl files per-platform for binary distributions as well + # Note that we don't install to sysconfdir: we always install to $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/etc. + # If you want to make a distribution with a hardcoded path, you take care of installation +ifeq ($(OS), Darwin) + -cat $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/mac/startup.jl >> $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/etc/julia/startup.jl +endif + +ifeq ($(OS), WINNT) + [ ! -d $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras ] || ( cd $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras && \ + cp 7z.exe 7z.dll libexpat-1.dll zlib1.dll $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT)/bin ) +ifeq ($(USE_GPL_LIBS), 1) + [ ! -d $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras ] || ( cd $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras && \ + cp busybox.exe $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT)/bin ) +endif + cd $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT)/bin && rm -f llvm* llc.exe lli.exe opt.exe LTO.dll bugpoint.exe macho-dump.exe + + # create file listing for uninstall. note: must have Windows path separators and line endings. + cd $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT) && find * | sed -e 's/\//\\/g' -e 's/$$/\r/g' > etc/uninstall.log + + # build nsis package + cd $(BUILDROOT) && $(call spawn,$(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras/nsis/makensis.exe) -NOCD -DVersion=$(JULIA_VERSION) -DArch=$(ARCH) -DCommit=$(JULIA_COMMIT) -DMUI_ICON="$(call cygpath_w,$(JULIAHOME)/contrib/windows/julia.ico)" $(call cygpath_w,$(JULIAHOME)/contrib/windows/build-installer.nsi) + + # compress nsis installer and combine with 7zip self-extracting header + cd $(BUILDROOT) && $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras/7z a -mx9 "julia-install-$(JULIA_COMMIT)-$(ARCH).7z" julia-installer.exe + cd $(BUILDROOT) && cat $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/windows/7zS.sfx $(JULIAHOME)/contrib/windows/7zSFX-config.txt "julia-install-$(JULIA_COMMIT)-$(ARCH).7z" > "$(JULIA_BINARYDIST_FILENAME).exe" + -rm -f $(BUILDROOT)/julia-installer.exe +else + cd $(BUILDROOT) && $(TAR) zcvf $(JULIA_BINARYDIST_FILENAME).tar.gz julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT) +endif + rm -fr $(BUILDROOT)/julia-$(JULIA_COMMIT) + +app: + $(MAKE) -C contrib/mac/app + @mv contrib/mac/app/$(JULIA_BINARYDIST_FILENAME).dmg $(BUILDROOT) + +light-source-dist.tmp: $(BUILDROOT)/doc/_build/html/en/index.html +ifneq ($(BUILDROOT),$(JULIAHOME)) + $(error make light-source-dist does not work in out-of-tree builds) +endif + # Save git information + -@$(MAKE) -C $(JULIAHOME)/base version_git.jl.phony + + # Create file light-source-dist.tmp to hold all the filenames that go into the tarball + echo "base/version_git.jl" > light-source-dist.tmp + + # Download all stdlibs and include the tarball filenames in light-source-dist.tmp + @$(MAKE) -C stdlib getall NO_GIT=1 + -ls stdlib/srccache/*.tar.gz >> light-source-dist.tmp + + # Exclude git, github and CI config files + git ls-files | sed -E -e '/^\..+/d' -e '/\/\..+/d' -e '/appveyor.yml/d' >> light-source-dist.tmp + find doc/_build/html >> light-source-dist.tmp + +# Make tarball with only Julia code + stdlib tarballs +light-source-dist: light-source-dist.tmp + # Prefix everything with "julia-$(commit-sha)/" or "julia-$(version)/" and then create tarball + # To achieve prefixing, we temporarily create a symlink in the source directory that points back + # to the source directory. + sed -e "s_.*_julia-${JULIA_COMMIT}/&_" light-source-dist.tmp > light-source-dist.tmp1 + ln -s . julia-${JULIA_COMMIT} + tar -cz --no-recursion -T light-source-dist.tmp1 -f julia-$(JULIA_VERSION)_$(JULIA_COMMIT).tar.gz + rm julia-${JULIA_COMMIT} + +source-dist: + @echo \'source-dist\' target is deprecated: use \'full-source-dist\' instead. + +# Make tarball with Julia code plus all dependencies +full-source-dist: light-source-dist.tmp + # Get all the dependencies downloaded + @$(MAKE) -C deps getall NO_GIT=1 + + # Create file full-source-dist.tmp to hold all the filenames that go into the tarball + cp light-source-dist.tmp full-source-dist.tmp + -ls deps/srccache/*.tar.gz deps/srccache/*.tar.bz2 deps/srccache/*.tar.xz deps/srccache/*.tgz deps/srccache/*.zip deps/srccache/*.pem >> full-source-dist.tmp + + # Prefix everything with "julia-$(commit-sha)/" or "julia-$(version)/" and then create tarball + # To achieve prefixing, we temporarily create a symlink in the source directory that points back + # to the source directory. + sed -e "s_.*_julia-${JULIA_COMMIT}/&_" full-source-dist.tmp > full-source-dist.tmp1 + ln -s . julia-${JULIA_COMMIT} + tar -cz --no-recursion -T full-source-dist.tmp1 -f julia-$(JULIA_VERSION)_$(JULIA_COMMIT)-full.tar.gz + rm julia-${JULIA_COMMIT} + +clean: | $(CLEAN_TARGETS) + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/base clean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/doc clean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/src clean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/ui clean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/test clean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/stdlib clean + -rm -f $(BUILDROOT)/julia + -rm -f $(BUILDROOT)/*.tar.gz + -rm -f $(build_depsbindir)/stringreplace \ + $(BUILDROOT)/light-source-dist.tmp $(BUILDROOT)/light-source-dist.tmp1 \ + $(BUILDROOT)/full-source-dist.tmp $(BUILDROOT)/full-source-dist.tmp1 + -rm -fr $(build_private_libdir) +# Teporarily add this line to the Makefile to remove extras + -rm -fr $(build_datarootdir)/julia/extras + +cleanall: clean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/src clean-flisp clean-support + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/deps clean-libuv + -rm -fr $(build_prefix) $(build_staging) + +distcleanall: cleanall + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/stdlib distclean + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/deps distcleanall + @-$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/doc cleanall + +.PHONY: default debug release check-whitespace release-candidate \ + julia-debug julia-release julia-deps \ + julia-ui-release julia-ui-debug julia-src-release julia-src-debug \ + julia-symlink julia-base julia-sysimg julia-sysimg-release julia-sysimg-debug \ + test testall testall1 test clean distcleanall cleanall clean-* \ + run-julia run-julia-debug run-julia-release run \ + install binary-dist light-source-dist.tmp light-source-dist \ + dist full-source-dist source-dist + +test: check-whitespace $(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/test default JULIA_BUILD_MODE=$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + +JULIA_SYSIMG=$(build_private_libdir)/sys$(JULIA_LIBSUFFIX).$(SHLIB_EXT) +testall: check-whitespace $(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + cp $(JULIA_SYSIMG) $(BUILDROOT)/local.$(SHLIB_EXT) && $(call spawn, $(JULIA_EXECUTABLE) -J $(call cygpath_w,$(BUILDROOT)/local.$(SHLIB_EXT)) -e 'true' && rm $(BUILDROOT)/local.$(SHLIB_EXT)) + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/test all JULIA_BUILD_MODE=$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + +testall1: check-whitespace $(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + @env JULIA_CPU_THREADS=1 $(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/test all JULIA_BUILD_MODE=$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + +test-%: check-whitespace $(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + @$(MAKE) $(QUIET_MAKE) -C $(BUILDROOT)/test $* JULIA_BUILD_MODE=$(JULIA_BUILD_MODE) + +# download target for some hardcoded windows dependencies +.PHONY: win-extras wine_path +win-extras: + [ -d $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras ] || mkdir $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras +ifneq ($(BUILD_OS),WINNT) +ifeq (,$(findstring CYGWIN,$(BUILD_OS))) + cp /usr/lib/p7zip/7z /usr/lib/p7zip/7z.so $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras +endif +endif +ifneq (,$(filter $(ARCH), i386 i486 i586 i686)) + cd $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras && \ + $(JLDOWNLOAD) http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sevenzip/7z1604.exe && \ + 7z x -y 7z1604.exe 7z.exe 7z.dll && \ + ../contrib/windows/winrpm.sh http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/windows:/mingw:/win32/openSUSE_Leap_42.2 \ + "mingw32-libexpat1 mingw32-zlib1" && \ + cp usr/i686-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/bin/*.dll . +else ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64) + cd $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras && \ + $(JLDOWNLOAD) 7z1604-x64.msi http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sevenzip/7z1604-x64.msi && \ + 7z x -y 7z1604-x64.msi _7z.exe _7z.dll && \ + mv _7z.dll 7z.dll && \ + mv _7z.exe 7z.exe && \ + ../contrib/windows/winrpm.sh http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/windows:/mingw:/win64/openSUSE_Leap_42.2 \ + "mingw64-libexpat1 mingw64-zlib1" && \ + cp usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/bin/*.dll . +else + $(error no win-extras target for ARCH=$(ARCH)) +endif + cd $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras && \ + $(JLDOWNLOAD) http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sevenzip/7z1604-extra.7z && \ + $(JLDOWNLOAD) https://storage.googleapis.com/google-code-archive-downloads/v2/code.google.com/unsis/nsis-2.46.5-Unicode-setup.exe && \ + chmod a+x 7z.exe && \ + chmod a+x 7z.dll && \ + $(call spawn,./7z.exe) x -y -onsis nsis-2.46.5-Unicode-setup.exe && \ + chmod a+x ./nsis/makensis.exe +ifeq ($(USE_GPL_LIBS), 1) + cd $(JULIAHOME)/dist-extras && \ + $(JLDOWNLOAD) busybox.exe http://frippery.org/files/busybox/busybox-w32-FRP-875-gc6ec14a.exe && \ + chmod a+x busybox.exe +endif + +# various statistics about the build that may interest the user +ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_LLVM), 1) +LLVM_SIZE := llvm-size$(EXE) +else +LLVM_SIZE := $(build_depsbindir)/llvm-size$(EXE) +endif +build-stats: + @echo $(JULCOLOR)' ==> ./julia binary sizes'$(ENDCOLOR) + $(call spawn,$(LLVM_SIZE) -A $(call cygpath_w,$(build_private_libdir)/sys.$(SHLIB_EXT)) \ + $(call cygpath_w,$(build_shlibdir)/libjulia.$(SHLIB_EXT)) \ + $(call cygpath_w,$(build_bindir)/julia$(EXE))) + @echo $(JULCOLOR)' ==> ./julia launch speedtest'$(ENDCOLOR) + @time $(call spawn,$(build_bindir)/julia$(EXE) -e '') + @time $(call spawn,$(build_bindir)/julia$(EXE) -e '') + @time $(call spawn,$(build_bindir)/julia$(EXE) -e '') diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac7b3ae --- /dev/null +++ b/NEWS.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Julia v1.0.0 Release Notes +========================== + +New language features +--------------------- + +Language changes +---------------- + +Breaking changes +---------------- + +Library improvements +-------------------- + +Compiler/Runtime improvements +----------------------------- + +Deprecated or removed +--------------------- + +The old package manager (now called `OldPkg`) has been moved to a +separate repository at https://github.com/JuliaArchive/OldPkg.jl ([#27930]) + +Command-line option changes +--------------------------- + + +[#27930]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/27930 diff --git a/README.arm.md b/README.arm.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..577d034 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.arm.md @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +# Julia on ARM (Linux) + +Julia fully supports ARMv8 (AArch64) processors, and supports ARMv7 and ARMv6 +(AArch32) with some caveats. This file provides general guidelines for compilation, +in addition to instructions for specific devices. + +A list of [known issues](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/labels/arm) for ARM is +available. If you encounter difficulties, please create an issue including the output +from `cat /proc/cpuinfo`. + + +## Building Julia + +In most cases, Julia can be successfully built by following the platform independent +[build instructions](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/README.md). + +### Build dependencies + +We recommend using at least Ubuntu 14.04 and gcc 4.8, which is part of the +standard `build-essentials`. + +In case the build is failing on one of the dependent libraries, one +can install various system libraries instead of building them, by +adding the following lines in `Make.user`: + +```` +override USE_SYSTEM_BLAS=1 +override USE_SYSTEM_LAPACK=1 +override USE_SYSTEM_LIBM=1 +override USE_SYSTEM_GMP=1 +override USE_SYSTEM_MPFR=1 +```` + +The following command will install all the necessary libraries on Ubuntu: + +```` +sudo apt-get install libblas3gf liblapack3gf libgmp3-dev \ + libmpfr-dev libblas-dev liblapack-dev cmake gcc-4.8 \ + g++-4.8 gfortran libgfortran3 m4 libedit-dev +```` + +If you run into issues building LLVM, see [these notes](http://llvm.org/docs/HowToBuildOnARM.html). + + +## 32-bit (ARMv6, ARMv7) + +Julia has been successfully compiled on several variants of the following ARMv6 & ARMv7 devices: + +* ARMv7 / Cortex A15 Samsung Chromebooks running Ubuntu Linux under Crouton; +* [Raspberry Pi](https://www.raspberrypi.org). +* [Odroid](http://www.hardkernel.com/main/main.php). + + +Julia requires at least the `armv6` and `vfpv2` instruction sets. It's recommended to use `armv7-a`. +`armv5` or soft float are not supported. + +### Binaries + +[Nightly builds](https://status.julialang.org/download/linux-arm) are +available for ARMv7-A. + +### Device specific instructions + +#### Raspberry Pi 1 / Raspberry Pi Zero + +The type of ARM CPU used in the Raspberry Pi is not detected by LLVM. Explicitly set the +CPU target by adding the following to `Make.user`: + +```` +JULIA_CPU_TARGET=arm1176jzf-s +```` + +It is preferable to use various system provided dependencies on ARMv6 as described in +[Build Dependencies](#build-dependencies). + +To complete the build, you may need to increase the swap file size. To do so, edit +`/etc/dphys-swapfile`, changing the line: + + CONF_SWAPSIZE=100 + +to: + + CONF_SWAPSIZE=512 + +before restarting the swapfile service: + + sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile stop + sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile start + +#### Raspberry Pi 2 + +The type of ARM CPU used in the Raspberry Pi 2 is not detected by LLVM. Explicitly set the +CPU target by adding the following to `Make.user`: + +```JULIA_CPU_TARGET=cortex-a7``` + +Depending on the exact compiler and distribution, there might be a build failure +due to unsupported inline assembly. In that case, add `MARCH=armv7-a` to +`Make.user`. + +If building LLVM fails, you can download binaries from the LLVM website: + +1. Download the [LLVM 3.9.0 binaries for ARMv7a] (http://llvm.org/releases/3.9.0/clang+llvm-3.9.0-armv7a-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz) and extract them in a local directory. +2. Add the following to `Make.user` (adjusting the path to the `llvm-config` binary): + + ``` + override USE_SYSTEM_LLVM=1 + LLVM_CONFIG=${EXTRACTED_LOCATION}/bin/llvm-config + ``` + +Please do let us know if you had to download a pre-built LLVM in [#10235](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/10235). + +#### Chromebook + +On Chromebooks, you have to first install Crouton. If you do not have +an Ubuntu chroot running on your Chromebook using Crouton, you can do +so by following these tutorials. + +- [Crouton Tutorial 1](http://www.howtogeek.com/162120/how-to-install-ubuntu-linux-on-your-chromebook-with-crouton/) +- [Crouton Tutorial 2](http://lifehacker.com/how-to-install-linux-on-a-chromebook-and-unlock-its-ful-509039343) + +These tutorials will end up installing Ubuntu 12.04, and you have to +upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04, or install Ubuntu 14.04 from scratch by +finding appropriate `crouton` help. + +#### Scaleway cloud hosted ARM servers + +On the current [Scaleway](http://scaleway.com) ARM servers, the Julia +build works out of the box. + +## AArch64 (ARMv8) + +Julia has been successfully built on the following ARMv8 devices: + +* [nVidia Jetson TX1 & TX2](http://www.nvidia.com/object/embedded-systems-dev-kits-modules.html); +* [X-Gene 1](https://www.apm.com/products/data-center/x-gene-family/x-gene/); +* [Overdrive 3000](https://softiron.com/products/overdrive-3000/); +* [Cavium ThunderX](http://www.cavium.com/ThunderX_ARM_Processors.html) on [packet.net](https://www.packet.net). + +Compilation on `ARMv8-A` requires that `Make.user` is configured as follows: + +``` +MARCH=armv8-a +``` + +### Device specific instructions + +#### nVidia Jetson TX2 + +Julia builds and runs on the [nVidia Jetson TX2](http://www.nvidia.com/object/embedded-systems-dev-kits-modules.html) +platform with minimal configuration changes. + +After configuring `Make.user` as per the `AArch64` instructions in this document, +follow the general [build instructions](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/README.md). +The majority of the build dependencies specified in the instructions are installed by +the default configuration flashed by [Jetpack 3.0](https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetpack). The remaining tools can be installed by issuing the following command: + +``` +sudo apt-get install gfortran wget cmake +``` + +A full parallel build, including LLVM, +will complete in around two hours. All tests pass and CUDA functionality is available +through, e.g., [CUDAdrv](https://github.com/JuliaGPU/CUDAdrv.jl). diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7da4da5 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ + + + +Build status: +[![travis][travis-img]](https://travis-ci.org/JuliaLang/julia) +[![appveyor][appveyor-img]](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/JuliaLang/julia/branch/master) + +Code coverage: +[![coveralls][coveralls-img]](https://coveralls.io/r/JuliaLang/julia?branch=master) +[![codecov][codecov-img]](http://codecov.io/github/JuliaLang/julia?branch=master) + +[travis-img]: https://img.shields.io/travis/JuliaLang/julia/master.svg?label=Linux+/+macOS +[appveyor-img]: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/JuliaLang/julia/master.svg?label=Windows +[coveralls-img]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/github/JuliaLang/julia/master.svg?label=coveralls +[codecov-img]: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/JuliaLang/julia/master.svg?label=codecov + +## The Julia Language + +Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic language for technical computing. +The main homepage for Julia can be found at [julialang.org](https://julialang.org/). +This is the GitHub repository of Julia source code, including instructions for compiling and installing Julia, below. + +## Resources + +- **Homepage:** +- **Binaries:** +- **Documentation:** +- **Packages:** +- **Source code:** +- **Git clone URL:** +- **Discussion forum:** +- **Mailing lists:** +- **Slack:** (get an invite from ) +- **Gitter:** +- **IRC:** +- **Code coverage:** + +New developers may find the notes in [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) helpful to start contributing to the Julia codebase. + +### External Resources + +- [**StackOverflow**](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/julia-lang) +- [**Youtube**](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9IuUwwE2xdjQUT_LMLONoA) +- [**Twitter**](https://twitter.com/JuliaLanguage) +- [**Meetup**](http://julia.meetup.com/) + +## Currently Supported Platforms + +Julia is built and tested regularly on the following platforms: + +| Operating System | Architecture | CI | Binaries | Support Level | +|:----------------:|:----------------:|:--:|:--------:|:-------------:| +| Linux 2.6.18+ | x86-64 (64-bit) | ✓ | ✓ | Official | +| | i686 (32-bit) | ✓ | ✓ | Official | +| | ARM v7 (32-bit) | | ✓ | Official | +| | ARM v8 (64-bit) | | ✓ | Official | +| | PowerPC (64-bit) | | | Community | +| | PTX (64-bit) | [✓](http://ci.maleadt.net:8010/) | | [External](https://github.com/JuliaGPU/CUDAnative.jl) | +| macOS 10.8+ | x86-64 (64-bit) | ✓ | ✓ | Official | +| Windows 7+ | x86-64 (64-bit) | ✓ | ✓ | Official | +| | i686 (32-bit) | ✓ | ✓ | Official | +| FreeBSD 11.0+ | x86-64 (64-bit) | ✓ | | Community | + +All systems marked with ✓ for CI are tested using continuous integration for every commit. +Systems with ✓ for binaries have official binaries available on the [downloads](https://julialang.org/downloads) page and are tested regularly. The PTX backend needs a source build and the [CUDAnative.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGPU/CUDAnative.jl) package. +The systems listed here with neither CI nor official binaries are known to build and work, but ongoing support for those platforms is dependent on community efforts. +It is possible that Julia will build and work on other platforms too, and we're always looking to better our platform coverage. +If you're using Julia on a platform not listed here, let us know! + +## Source Download and Compilation + +First, make sure you have all the [required dependencies](#required-build-tools-and-external-libraries) installed. +Then, acquire the source code by cloning the git repository: + + git clone git://github.com/JuliaLang/julia.git + +(If you are behind a firewall, you may need to use the `https` protocol instead of the `git` protocol: + + git config --global url."https://".insteadOf git:// + +Be sure to also configure your system to use the appropriate proxy settings, e.g. by setting the `https_proxy` and `http_proxy` variables.) + +By default you will be building the latest unstable version of Julia. However, most users should use the most recent stable version of Julia, which is currently the `0.6` series of releases. You can get this version by changing to the Julia directory and running + + git checkout v0.6.4 + +Now run `make` to build the `julia` executable. To perform a parallel build, use `make -j N` and supply the maximum number of concurrent processes. (See [Platform Specific Build Notes](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia#platform-specific-build-notes) for details.) +When compiled the first time, it will automatically download and build its [external dependencies](#required-build-tools-and-external-libraries). +This takes a while, but only has to be done once. If the defaults in the build do not work for you, and you need to set specific make parameters, you can save them in `Make.user`, and place the file in the root of your Julia source. The build will automatically check for the existence of `Make.user` and use it if it exists. +Building Julia requires 5GiB of disk space and approximately 2GiB of virtual memory. + +For builds of julia starting with 0.5.0-dev, you can create out-of-tree builds of Julia by specifying `make O= configure` on the command line. This will create a directory mirror, with all of the necessary Makefiles to build Julia, in the specified directory. These builds will share the source files in Julia and `deps/srccache`. Each out-of-tree build directory can have its own `Make.user` file to override the global `Make.user` file in the top-level folder. + +If you need to build Julia on a machine without internet access, use `make -C deps getall` to download all the necessary files. Then, copy the `julia` directory over to the target environment and build with `make`. + +**Note:** The build process will fail badly if any of the build directory's parent directories have spaces or other shell meta-characters such as `$` or `:` in their names (this is due to a limitation in GNU make). + +Once it is built, you can run the `julia` executable after you enter your julia directory and run + + ./julia + +To run julia from anywhere you can: +- add an alias (in `bash`: `echo "alias julia='/path/to/install/folder/bin/julia'" >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc`), or + +- add a soft link to the `julia` executable in the `julia` directory to `/usr/local/bin` (or any suitable directory already in your path), or + +- add the `julia` directory to your executable path for this shell session (in `bash`: `export PATH="$(pwd):$PATH"` ; in `csh` or `tcsh`: +`set path= ( $path $cwd )` ), or + +- add the `julia` directory to your executable path permanently (e.g. in `.bash_profile`), or + +- write `prefix=/path/to/install/folder` into `Make.user` and then run `make install`. If there is a version of Julia already installed in this folder, you should delete it before running `make install`. + +Now you should be able to run Julia like this: + + julia + +If everything works correctly, you will see a Julia banner and an interactive prompt into which you can enter expressions for evaluation. (Errors related to libraries might be caused by old, incompatible libraries sitting around in your PATH. In this case, try moving the `julia` directory earlier in the PATH). Note that most of the instructions above apply to unix systems. + +Your first test of Julia determines whether your build is working properly. From the UNIX/Windows command prompt inside +the `julia` source directory, type `make testall`. You should see output that lists a series of running tests; +if they complete without error, you should be in good shape to start using Julia. + +You can read about [getting started](https://docs.julialang.org/en/stable/manual/getting-started/) in the manual. + +If you are building a Julia package for distribution on Linux, OS X, +or Windows, take a look at the detailed notes in +[DISTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/DISTRIBUTING.md). + +### Updating an existing source tree + +If you have previously downloaded `julia` using `git clone`, you can update the +existing source tree using `git pull` rather than starting anew: + + cd julia + git pull && make + +Assuming that you had made no changes to the source tree that will conflict +with upstream updates, these commands will trigger a build to update to the +latest version. + +#### General troubleshooting + +1. Over time, the base library may accumulate enough changes such that the + bootstrapping process in building the system image will fail. If this + happens, the build may fail with an error like + + ```sh + *** This error is usually fixed by running 'make clean'. If the error persists, try 'make cleanall' *** + ``` + + As described, running `make clean && make` is usually sufficient. + Occasionally, the stronger cleanup done by `make cleanall` is needed. + +2. New versions of external dependencies may be introduced which may + occasionally cause conflicts with existing builds of older versions. + + a. Special `make` targets exist to help wipe the existing build of a + dependency. For example, `make -C deps clean-llvm` will clean out the + existing build of `llvm` so that `llvm` will be rebuilt from the + downloaded source distribution the next time `make` is called. + `make -C deps distclean-llvm` is a stronger wipe which will also delete + the downloaded source distribution, ensuring that a fresh copy of the + source distribution will be downloaded and that any new patches will be + applied the next time `make` is called. + + b. To delete existing binaries of `julia` and all its dependencies, + delete the `./usr` directory _in the source tree_. + +3. If you've updated OS X recently, be sure to run `xcode-select --install` to update the command line tools. + Otherwise, you could run into errors for missing headers and libraries, such as + ```ld: library not found for -lcrt1.10.6.o```. + +4. If you've moved the source directory, you might get errors such as + ```CMake Error: The current CMakeCache.txt directory ... is different than the directory ... where CMakeCache.txt was created.```, in which case you may delete the offending dependency under `deps` + +5. In extreme cases, you may wish to reset the source tree to a pristine state. + The following git commands may be helpful: + + ```sh + git reset --hard #Forcibly remove any changes to any files under version control + git clean -x -f -d #Forcibly remove any file or directory not under version control + ``` + + _To avoid losing work, make sure you know what these commands do before you + run them. `git` will not be able to undo these changes!_ + + + +## Uninstalling Julia + +Julia does not install anything outside the directory it was cloned into. Julia can be completely uninstalled by deleting this directory. Julia packages are installed in `~/.julia` by default, and can be uninstalled by deleting `~/.julia`. + +## Platform-Specific Build Notes + +### Linux + +#### General + +* GCC version 4.7 or later is required to build Julia. +* To use external shared libraries not in the system library search path, set `USE_SYSTEM_XXX=1` and `LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,/path/to/dir/contains/libXXX.so` in `Make.user`. + * Instead of setting `LDFLAGS`, putting the library directory into the environment variable `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` (at both compile and run time) also works. +* The `USE_SYSTEM_*` flags should be used with caution. These are meant only for troubleshooting, porting, and packaging, where package maintainers work closely with the Julia developers to make sure that Julia is built correctly. Production use cases should use the officially provided binaries. Issues arising from the use of these flags will generally not be accepted. +* See also the [external dependencies](#required-build-tools-and-external-libraries). + +#### Architecture Customization + +Julia can be built for a non-generic architecture by configuring the `ARCH` Makefile variable. See the appropriate section of `Make.inc` for additional customization options, such as `MARCH` and `JULIA_CPU_TARGET`. + +For example, to build for Pentium 4, set `MARCH=pentium4` and install the necessary system libraries for linking. On Ubuntu, these may include lib32gfortran-6-dev, lib32gcc1, and lib32stdc++6, among others. + +You can also set `MARCH=native` for a maximum-performance build customized for the current machine CPU. + + +#### Ubuntu + +The [julia-deps PPA](https://launchpad.net/~staticfloat/+archive/julia-deps/) contains updated packages for Julia dependencies if you want to use system libraries instead of having them downloaded and built during the build process. See [System Provided Libraries](#system-provided-libraries). + +#### RHEL/CentOS 6 + +On RHEL/CentOS 6 systems, the default compiler (`gcc` 4.4) is too old to build Julia. + +Install or contact your systems administrator to install a more recent version of `gcc`. The [Scientific Linux Developer Toolset](http://linux.web.cern.ch/linux/devtoolset/) works well. + + +#### Linux Build Troubleshooting + + Problem | Possible Solution +------------------------|--------------------- + OpenBLAS build failure | Set one of the following build options in `Make.user` and build again:
  • `OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH=BARCELONA` (AMD CPUs) or `OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH=NEHALEM` (Intel CPUs)
      Set `OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH = 0` to disable compiling multiple architectures in a single binary.
  • `OPENBLAS_NO_AVX2 = 1` disables AVX2 instructions, allowing OpenBLAS to compile with `OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH = 1` using old versions of binutils
  • `USE_SYSTEM_BLAS=1` uses the system provided `libblas`
    • Set `LIBBLAS=-lopenblas` and `LIBBLASNAME=libopenblas` to force the use of the system provided OpenBLAS when multiple BLAS versions are installed.

If you get an error that looks like ```../kernel/x86_64/dgemm_kernel_4x4_haswell.S:1709: Error: no such instruction: `vpermpd $ 0xb1,%ymm0,%ymm0'```, then you need to set `OPENBLAS_DYNAMIC_ARCH = 0` or `OPENBLAS_NO_AVX2 = 1`, or you need a newer version of `binutils` (2.18 or newer). ([Issue #7653](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/7653)) +Illegal Instruction error | Check if your CPU supports AVX while your OS does not (e.g. through virtualization, as described in [this issue](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/3263)). + +### OS X + +You need to have the current Xcode command line utilities installed: run `xcode-select --install` in the terminal. +You will need to rerun this terminal command after each OS X update, otherwise you may run into errors involving missing libraries or headers. +You will also need a 64-bit gfortran to compile Julia dependencies. The gfortran-4.7 (and newer) compilers in Brew, Fink, and MacPorts work for building Julia. + +Clang is now used by default to build Julia on OS X 10.7 and above. On OS X 10.6, the Julia build will automatically use `gcc`. +On current systems, we recommend that you install the command line tools as described above. Older systems do not have a separate command line tools package from Apple, and will require a full Xcode install. On these, you will need at least Xcode 4.3.3. In Xcode prior to v5.0, you can alternatively go to Preferences -> Downloads and select the Command Line Utilities. These steps will ensure that clang v3.1 is installed, which is the minimum version of `clang` required to build Julia. + +If you have set `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` or `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` in your `.bashrc` or equivalent, Julia may be unable to find various libraries that come bundled with it. These environment variables need to be unset for Julia to work. + +If you see build failures in OpenBLAS or if you prefer to experiment, you can use the Apple provided BLAS in vecLib by building with `USE_SYSTEM_BLAS=1`. Julia does not use the Apple provided LAPACK, as it is too old. + +When building Julia, or its dependencies, libraries installed by third party package managers can redirect the compiler to use an incompatible version of the software it is looking for. One example of this happening is when a piece of software called the "linker" gives an error involving "Undefined symbols." If that happens, you can usually figure out what software package is causing the error from the names in the error text. This sort of error can be bypassed by, temporarily, uninstalling the offending package. If the offending package cannot be uninstalled by itself, it may be possible to just uninstall the development headers (for example: a package ending in "-dev" in Fink). + +### FreeBSD + +Clang is the default compiler on FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE and above. +The remaining build tools are available from the Ports Collection, and can be installed using `pkg install git gcc gmake cmake`. +To build Julia, simply run `gmake`. +(Note that `gmake` must be used rather than `make`, since `make` on FreeBSD corresponds to the incompatible BSD Make rather than GNU Make.) + +As mentioned above, it is important to note that the `USE_SYSTEM_*` flags should be used with caution on FreeBSD. +This is because many system libraries, and even libraries from the Ports Collection, link to the system's `libgcc_s.so.1`, +or to another library which links to the system `libgcc_s`. +This library declares its GCC version to be 4.6, which is too old to build Julia, and conflicts with other libraries when linking. +Thus it is highly recommended to simply allow Julia to build all of its dependencies. +If you do choose to use the `USE_SYSTEM_*` flags, note that `/usr/local` is not on the compiler path by default, so you may need +to add `LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib` and `CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include` to your `Make.user`, though doing so may interfere with +other dependencies. + +Note that the x86 architecture does not support threading due to lack of compiler runtime library support, so you may need to +set `JULIA_THREADS=0` in your `Make.user` if you're on a 32-bit system. + +### Windows + +In order to build Julia on Windows, see [README.windows](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/README.windows.md). + +### Vagrant + +Julia can be developed in an isolated Vagrant environment. See [the Vagrant README](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/contrib/vagrant/README.md) for details. + +## Required Build Tools and External Libraries + +Building Julia requires that the following software be installed: + +- **[GNU make]** — building dependencies. +- **[gcc & g++][gcc]** (>= 4.7) or **[Clang][clang]** (>= 3.1, Xcode 4.3.3 on OS X) — compiling and linking C, C++. +- **[libatomic][gcc]** — provided by **[gcc]** and needed to support atomic operations. +- **[python]** (>=2.7) — needed to build LLVM. +- **[gfortran]** — compiling and linking Fortran libraries. +- **[perl]** — preprocessing of header files of libraries. +- **[wget]**, **[curl]**, or **[fetch]** (FreeBSD) — to automatically download external libraries. +- **[m4]** — needed to build GMP. +- **[awk]** — helper tool for Makefiles. +- **[patch]** — for modifying source code. +- **[cmake]** (>= 3.4.3) — needed to build `libgit2`. +- **[pkg-config]** — needed to build `libgit2` correctly, especially for proxy support. + +On Debian-based distributions (e.g. Ubuntu), you can easily install them with `apt-get`: +``` +sudo apt-get install build-essential libatomic1 python gfortran perl wget m4 cmake pkg-config +``` + +Julia uses the following external libraries, which are automatically downloaded (or in a few cases, included in the Julia source repository) and then compiled from source the first time you run `make`: + +- **[LLVM]** (3.9 + patches) — compiler infrastructure (see [note below](#llvm)). +- **[FemtoLisp]** — packaged with Julia source, and used to implement the compiler front-end. +- **[libuv]** (custom fork) — portable, high-performance event-based I/O library. +- **[OpenLibm]** — portable libm library containing elementary math functions. +- **[DSFMT]** — fast Mersenne Twister pseudorandom number generator library. +- **[OpenBLAS]** — fast, open, and maintained [basic linear algebra subprograms (BLAS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms) library, based on [Kazushige Goto's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazushige_Goto) famous [GotoBLAS](https://www.tacc.utexas.edu/research-development/tacc-software/gotoblas2) (see [note below](#blas-and-lapack)). +- **[LAPACK]** (>= 3.5) — library of linear algebra routines for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations, least-squares solutions of linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, and singular value problems. +- **[MKL]** (optional) – OpenBLAS and LAPACK may be replaced by Intel's MKL library. +- **[SuiteSparse]** (>= 4.1) — library of linear algebra routines for sparse matrices (see [note below](#suitesparse)). +- **[PCRE]** (>= 10.00) — Perl-compatible regular expressions library. +- **[GMP]** (>= 5.0) — GNU multiple precision arithmetic library, needed for `BigInt` support. +- **[MPFR]** (>= 4.0) — GNU multiple precision floating point library, needed for arbitrary precision floating point (`BigFloat`) support. +- **[libgit2]** (>= 0.23) — Git linkable library, used by Julia's package manager. +- **[curl]** (>= 7.50) — libcurl provides download and proxy support for Julia's package manager. +- **[libssh2]** (>= 1.7) — library for SSH transport, used by libgit2 for packages with SSH remotes. +- **[mbedtls]** (>= 2.2) — library used for cryptography and transport layer security, used by libssh2 +- **[utf8proc]** (>= 2.1) — a library for processing UTF-8 encoded Unicode strings. +- **[libosxunwind]** — clone of [libunwind], a library that determines the call-chain of a program. + +[GNU make]: http://www.gnu.org/software/make +[patch]: http://www.gnu.org/software/patch +[wget]: http://www.gnu.org/software/wget +[m4]: http://www.gnu.org/software/m4 +[awk]: http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk +[gcc]: http://gcc.gnu.org +[clang]: http://clang.llvm.org +[python]: https://www.python.org/ +[gfortran]: https://gcc.gnu.org/fortran/ +[curl]: http://curl.haxx.se +[fetch]: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fetch(1) +[perl]: http://www.perl.org +[cmake]: http://www.cmake.org +[OpenLibm]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/openlibm +[DSFMT]: http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/SFMT/#dSFMT +[OpenBLAS]: https://github.com/xianyi/OpenBLAS +[LAPACK]: http://www.netlib.org/lapack +[MKL]: http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-mkl +[SuiteSparse]: http://faculty.cse.tamu.edu/davis/suitesparse.html +[PCRE]: http://www.pcre.org +[LLVM]: http://www.llvm.org +[FemtoLisp]: https://github.com/JeffBezanson/femtolisp +[GMP]: http://gmplib.org +[MPFR]: http://www.mpfr.org +[libuv]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/libuv +[libgit2]: https://libgit2.github.com/ +[utf8proc]: https://julialang.org/utf8proc/ +[libosxunwind]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/libosxunwind +[libunwind]: http://www.nongnu.org/libunwind +[libssh2]: https://www.libssh2.org +[mbedtls]: https://tls.mbed.org/ +[pkg-config]: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/ + +### Notes for distribution package maintainers + +We understand that package maintainers will typically want to make use of system libraries where possible. Please refer to the above version requirements and additional notes below. It is strongly advised that package maintainers apply the patches included in the Julia repo for LLVM and other libraries, should they choose to use SYSTEM versions. A list of maintained Julia packages for various platforms is available at https://julialang.org/downloads/platform.html. + +### System Provided Libraries + +If you already have one or more of these packages installed on your system, you can prevent Julia from compiling duplicates of these libraries by passing `USE_SYSTEM_...=1` to `make` or adding the line to `Make.user`. The complete list of possible flags can be found in `Make.inc`. + +Please be aware that this procedure is not officially supported, as it introduces additional variability into the installation and versioning of the dependencies, and is recommended only for system package maintainers. Unexpected compile errors may result, as the build system will do no further checking to ensure the proper packages are installed. + +### LLVM + +The most complicated dependency is LLVM, for which we require version 3.9 with some additional patches from upstream (LLVM is not backward compatible). For packaging Julia, we recommend either: + - bundling a Julia-only LLVM library inside the Julia package, or + - adding the patches to the LLVM 3.9 package of the distribution. + * A complete list of patches is available in `deps/llvm.mk`, and the patches themselves are in `deps/patches/`. + * The only Julia-specific patch is the lib renaming (`llvm-symver-jlprefix.patch`), which should _not_ be applied to a system LLVM. + * The remaining patches are all upstream bug fixes, and have been contributed into upstream LLVM. + +Using an unpatched or different version of LLVM will result in errors and/or poor performance. Though Julia can be built with newer LLVM versions, support for this should be regarded as experimental and not suitable for packaging. + +### libuv + +Julia uses a custom fork of libuv. It is a small dependency, and can be safely bundled in the same package as Julia, and will not conflict with the system library. Julia builds should _not_ try to use the system libuv. + +### BLAS and LAPACK + +As a high-performance numerical language, Julia should be linked to a multi-threaded BLAS and LAPACK, such as OpenBLAS or ATLAS, which will provide much better performance than the reference `libblas` implementations which may be default on some systems. + +### Intel MKL + +For a 64-bit architecture, the environment should be set up as follows: + + # bash + source /path/to/intel/bin/compilervars.sh intel64 + +Add the following to the `Make.user` file: + + USE_INTEL_MKL = 1 + +It is highly recommended to start with a fresh clone of the Julia repository. + +## Source Code Organization + +The Julia source code is organized as follows: + + base/ source code for the Base module (part of Julia's standard library) + stdlib/ source code for other standard library packages + contrib/ editor support for Julia source, miscellaneous scripts + deps/ external dependencies + doc/src/manual source for the user manual + doc/src/stdlib source for standard library function reference + src/ source for Julia language core + test/ test suites + ui/ source for various front ends + usr/ binaries and shared libraries loaded by Julia's standard libraries + +## Binary Installation + +If you would rather not compile the latest Julia from source, platform-specific tarballs with pre-compiled binaries are also [available for download](https://julialang.org/downloads/). + +You can either run the `julia` executable using its full path in the directory created above, or add that directory to your executable path so that you can run the Julia program from anywhere (in the current shell session): + + export PATH="$(pwd)/julia:$PATH" + +Now you should be able to run Julia like this: + + julia + +On Windows, double-click `usr/bin/julia.exe`. + +If everything works correctly, you will see a Julia banner and an interactive prompt into which you can enter expressions for evaluation. +You can read about [getting started](https://julialang.org/manual/getting-started) in the manual. + +**Note**: Although some system package managers provide Julia, such installations are neither maintained nor endorsed by the Julia project. They may be outdated +and/or unmaintained. We recommend you use the official Julia binaries instead. + +## Editor and Terminal Setup + +Currently, Julia editing mode support is available for a number of +editors. While Julia modes for +[Emacs](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia-emacs), +[Sublime Text](https://github.com/JuliaEditorSupport/Julia-sublime), and +[Vim](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia-vim) have their own repos, +others such as Textmate, Notepad++, and Kate, are in +`contrib/`. + +Two major IDEs are supported for Julia: [Juno](http://junolab.org/) +which is based on [Atom](https://atom.io/) and +[julia-vscode](https://github.com/JuliaEditorSupport/julia-vscode) +based on [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/). A [Jupyter](http://jupyter.org/) notebooks interface +is available through +[IJulia](https://github.com/JuliaLang/IJulia.jl). + +In the terminal, Julia makes great use of both control-key and meta-key bindings. To make the meta-key bindings more accessible, many terminal emulator programs (e.g., `Terminal`, `iTerm`, `xterm`, etc.) allow you to use the alt or option key as meta. See the section in the manual on [the Julia REPL](https://docs.julialang.org/en/latest/stdlib/REPL/) for more details. diff --git a/README.windows.md b/README.windows.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a13c1ba --- /dev/null +++ b/README.windows.md @@ -0,0 +1,318 @@ +# Julia on Windows + +This file describes how to install, or build, and use Julia on Windows. + +For more general information about Julia, please see the +[main README](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/master/README.md) +or the [documentation](https://docs.julialang.org/). + + +## General Information for Windows + + +### Unicode font support + +The built-in Windows fonts have rather poor coverage of the Unicode character +space. The free [`DejaVu Sans Mono`](https://dejavu-fonts.github.io/) font can be used +as a replacement font in the Windows console. Since Windows 2000, simply +downloading the font and installing it is insufficient, since Windows keeps a +list of approved fonts in the registry. + +Instructions for adding fonts to the terminal are available at +[this answer on superuser.com](https://superuser.com/a/5079) + +Additionally, rather than sticking with the default command prompt, you may want +to use a different terminal emulator program, such as +[Conemu](https://conemu.github.io/) or [Mintty]( +https://github.com/mintty/mintty) (note that running Julia on Mintty needs a +copy of `stty.exe` in your `%PATH%` to work properly). Alternatively, you may +prefer the features of a more full-function IDE, such as [Juno](http://junolab.org), +[Sublime-IJulia](https://github.com/quinnj/Sublime-IJulia), or +[IJulia](https://github.com/JuliaLang/IJulia.jl). + + +### Line endings + +Julia uses binary-mode files exclusively. Unlike many other Windows programs, +if you write `\n` to a file, you get a `\n` in the file, not some other bit +pattern. This matches the behavior exhibited by other operating systems. If +you have installed Git for Windows, it is suggested, but not required, that you +configure your system Git to use the same convention: +```sh +git config --global core.eol lf +git config --global core.autocrlf input +``` +or edit `%USERPROFILE%\.gitconfig` and add/edit the lines: +``` +[core] + eol = lf + autocrlf = input +``` + +## Binary distribution + +Julia runs on Windows 7 and later. +Both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions are supported. +The 32-bit (i686) binary will run on either a 32-bit and 64-bit operating system. +The 64-bit (x86_64) binary will only run on 64-bit Windows and will otherwise refuse to launch. + + 1. [Download](https://julialang.org/downloads) the latest version of Julia. + Extract the binary to a reasonable destination folder, e.g. `C:\julia`. + + 2. Double-click the `julia` shortcut to launch Julia. + + 3. Julia's home directory is the location pointed to by the Windows environment + variable `%HOME%`: this directory is for instance where the startup file + `.julia/config/startup.jl` resides. `%HOMEDRIVE%\%HOMEPATH%` is used as a fallback if + `%HOME%` is not defined. + +## Source distribution + +### Supported build platforms + + - Windows 10: supported (32 and 64 bits) + - Windows 8: supported (32 and 64 bits) + - Windows 7: supported (32 and 64 bits) + +### Cygwin-to-MinGW cross-compiling + +The recommended way of compiling Julia from source on Windows is by cross +compiling from [Cygwin](http://www.cygwin.com), using versions of the +MinGW-w64 compilers available through Cygwin's package manager. + + 1. Download and run Cygwin setup for [32 bit](https://cygwin.com/setup-x86.exe) + or [64 bit](https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe). Note, that you can compile + either 32 or 64 bit Julia from either 32 or 64 bit Cygwin. 64 bit Cygwin + has a slightly smaller but often more up-to-date selection of packages. + + Advanced: you may skip steps 2-4 by running: + + setup-x86_64.exe -s -q -P cmake,gcc-g++,git,make,patch,curl,m4,python,p7zip,mingw64-i686-gcc-g++,mingw64-i686-gcc-fortran,mingw64-x86_64-gcc-g++,mingw64-x86_64-gcc-fortran + :: replace with a site from https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html + :: or run setup manually first and select a mirror + + 2. Select installation location and download mirror. + + 3. At the '*Select Packages'* step, select the following: + + 1. From the *Devel* category: `cmake`, `gcc-g++`, `git`, `make`, `patch` + 2. From the *Net* category: `curl` + 3. From *Interpreters* (or *Python*) category: `m4`, `python` + 4. From the *Archive* category: `p7zip` + 5. For 32 bit Julia, and also from the *Devel* category: + `mingw64-i686-gcc-g++` and `mingw64-i686-gcc-fortran` + 6. For 64 bit Julia, and also from the *Devel* category: + `mingw64-x86_64-gcc-g++` and `mingw64-x86_64-gcc-fortran` + + 4. At the *'Resolving Dependencies'* step, be sure to leave *'Select required + packages (RECOMMENDED)'* enabled. + + 5. Allow Cygwin installation to finish, then start from the installed shortcut + a *'Cygwin Terminal'*, or *'Cygwin64 Terminal'*, respectively. + + 6. Build Julia and its dependencies from source: + + 1. Get the Julia sources + ```sh + git clone https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia.git + cd julia + ``` + Tip: If you get an `error: cannot fork() for fetch-pack: Resource + temporarily unavailable` from git, add `alias git="env PATH=/usr/bin git"` + to `~/.bashrc` and restart Cygwin. + + 2. Set the `XC_HOST` variable in `Make.user` to indicate MinGW-w64 cross + compilation + ```sh + echo 'XC_HOST = i686-w64-mingw32' > Make.user # for 32 bit Julia + # or + echo 'XC_HOST = x86_64-w64-mingw32' > Make.user # for 64 bit Julia + ``` + + 3. Start the build + ```sh + make -j 4 # Adjust the number of threads (4) to match your build environment. + ``` + + + > Protip: build both! + > ```sh + > make O=julia-win32 configure + > make O=julia-win64 configure + > echo 'XC_HOST = i686-w64-mingw32' > julia-win32/Make.user + > echo 'XC_HOST = x86_64-w64-mingw32' > julia-win64/Make.user + > echo 'ifeq ($(BUILDROOT),$(JULIAHOME)) + > $(error "in-tree build disabled") + > endif' >> Make.user + > make -C julia-win32 # build for Windows x86 in julia-win32 folder + > make -C julia-win64 # build for Windows x86-64 in julia-win64 folder + > ``` + + 7. Run Julia using the Julia executables directly + ```sh + usr/bin/julia.exe + usr/bin/julia-debug.exe + ``` + +### Compiling with MinGW/MSYS2 + +Compiling Julia from source using [MSYS2](https://msys2.github.io) has worked +in the past but is not actively supported. Pull requests to restore support +would be welcome. See a [past version of this file]( +https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/blob/v0.6.0/README.windows.md) +for the former instructions for compiling using MSYS2. + + +### Cross-compiling from Unix + +You can also use MinGW-w64 cross compilers to build a Windows version of Julia from +Linux, Mac, or the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Note that when compiling in +WSL, you should use the Linux file system environment, not the `/mnt/` emulated Windows +paths, since time stamps in `/mnt/` do not work properly as required by configure +scripts and makefiles (see https://github.com/Microsoft/BashOnWindows/issues/1939). + +For maximum compatibility with packages that use [WinRPM.jl]( +https://github.com/JuliaLang/WinRPM.jl) for binary dependencies on Windows, it +is recommended that you use OpenSUSE 42.2 for cross-compiling a Windows build +of Julia. If you use a different Linux distribution or OS X, install +[Vagrant](http://www.vagrantup.com/downloads) and use the following `Vagrantfile`: + +``` +# Vagrantfile for MinGW-w64 cross-compilation of Julia + +$script = <