test: use ${builddir}/systemd-runtest.env for $SYSTEMD_CATALOG_DIR

test: use ${builddir}/systemd-runtest.env for $SYSTEMD_CATALOG_DIR

This makes it so that tests no longer need to know the absolute paths to the
source and build dirs, instead using the systemd-runtest.env file to get these
paths when running from the build tree.

Confirmed that test-catalog works on `ninja test`, when called standalone and
also when the environment file is not present, in which case it will use the
installed location under /usr/lib/systemd/catalog.

The location can now also be overridden for this test by setting the
$SYSTEMD_CATALOG_DIR environment variable.

(cherry picked from commit 49cdae63d168b2fe0e19f9f090b90d79de3c39bb)

Gbp-Pq: Name test-use-builddir-systemd-runtest.env-for-SYSTEMD_CATALOG.patch